Sichitha amahora amaningi phambi kwekhompyutha kangangokuthi ukukhetha ikhibhodi efanele akuseyona nje into eyenzeka ngenkani, kodwa kuyindaba yenduduzo , impilo, kanye nokusebenza kahle . Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa i-PC yakho emsebenzini, ekufundeni, noma emidlalweni, ikhibhodi efanele ingenza umehluko phakathi kokuqeda usuku ngezandla ezibuhlungu noma ngomuzwa wokuthayipha ibhotela.
Inkinga ukuthi imakethe igcwele amamodeli ahlukene, osayizi, amaswishi, kanye nobuchwepheshe, ngakho-ke kulula ukulahleka phakathi kwama-acronym amaningi kanye nezithembiso zokumaketha. Kulo mhlahlandlela, ngizochaza ngokuningiliziwe konke okudingeka ukucabangele lapho ukhetha amakhibhodi angcono kakhulu e-Windows PC yakho , ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani efanele ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwakho okuhlosiwe, nokuthi yimaphi amamodeli athile awusizo ngempela, kungaba ngokukhiqiza, imidlalo, noma imisebenzi eyisisekelo yehhovisi.
Okufanele ukucabangele ngaphambi kokuthenga ikhibhodi ye-PC ye-Windows
Ngaphambi kokuba uthandane nekhibhodi ngenxa yokukhanya kwayo kwe-RGB noma ukuthi ibukeka kahle kangakanani edeskini lakho, kubalulekile ukuqonda ezinye izinto ezibalulekile ezithinta ngqo ukuthayipha induduzo, ukunemba, kanye nokuqina . Uma uwaqonda kahle la maphuzu, kuzoba lula kakhulu ukunciphisa izinketho zakho.
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile usayizi noma ifomethi yekhibhodi . Ngokubanzi, singakhuluma ngamakhibhodi anosayizi ogcwele, amamodeli e-TKL (angenalo ikhiphedi yezinombolo), kanye nezinguqulo ezincanyana ezifana no-75%, 65%, 60%, noma ngisho no-40%. Amakhibhodi anosayizi ogcwele agcina zonke izinkinobho zakudala (ngokuvamile eziphakathi kuka-104 no-105), kufaka phakathi ikhiphedi yezinombolo, izinkinobho zomcibisholo, izinkinobho zokuzulazula, kanye nomugqa womsebenzi. Amakhibhodi e-TKL kanye no-80-85% asusa kuphela ikhiphedi yezinombolo ukuze athole isikhala segundane. Ukusuka lapho, amafomethi angu-75%, 65%, 60%, kanye no-40% adela amabhlogo okhiye (izinkinobho zomsebenzi, izinkinobho zokuzulazula, izinkinobho zomcibisholo, umugqa wezinombolo) ukuze kuncishiswe usayizi ngangokunokwenzeka, okuwusizo kakhulu uma unedeski elincane noma uhambahamba kakhulu ngekhibhodi, ikakhulukazi uma ufuna izesekeli ze-laptop.
Esinye isinqumo esikhulu ukukhetha phakathi kwekhibhodi enentambo noma engenantambo . Amamodeli anentambo ayindlela elula kakhulu: akudingeki ukhathazeke ngamabhethri, ukubambezeleka kuncane, futhi ngokuvamile ashibhile kancane. Amakhibhodi angenantambo ( i-Bluetooth noma i-2,4 GHz ene-USB dongle), ngakolunye uhlangothi, anikeza ideskithophu ehlanzekile kakhulu futhi akuvumela ukuthi uxhume ikhibhodi kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene (i-PC, i-laptop, ithebhulethi, i-TV, i-console, njll.). Kumamodeli asezingeni eliphezulu, ukubambezeleka akubalulekile, ngisho nasemidlalo, yize kufanele ucabangele impilo yebhethri kanye nokuphazamiseka okungenzeka kwamanye amadivayisi uma indawo yakho igcwele amasignali.
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile uhlobo lwendlela yokhiye : i-membrane, i-mechanical, i-hybrid, i-semi-mechanical, noma i-optical/magnetic. Amakhibhodi e-Membrane asebenzisa ishidi lerabha ukubhalisa ukuchofoza izinkinobho; ashibhile, athule, futhi alula, kodwa awaqondile, ayancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi anganciphisa inani lezinkinobho ezingacindezelwa ngasikhathi sinye. Ngakho-ke, ayanconywa uma ufuna kakhulu ukuthula, intengo ephansi, kanye nokuphatheka kalula . Amakhibhodi e-mechanical, ngakolunye uhlangothi, asebenzisa iswishi ezimele yekhiye ngayinye, ehumusha ekuphenduleni okungcono, ukunemba okukhulu, ukuqina okukhulu, kanye nokuhlanza okulula, ngentengo yentengo ephezulu, usayizi omkhulu kancane, futhi, ezimweni eziningi, umsindo omningi.
Amakhibhodi abonakalayo namagnetic nawo awela esigabeni semishini . Amakhibhodi abonakalayo asebenzisa ukukhanya ukuze abhalise ukuchofoza izinkinobho, kuyilapho amakhibhodi amagnetic esebenzisa izinzwa ezibona indawo yesiqu sokushintsha ngaphandle kokuthintana ngokomzimba. Lokhu kuvumela ukulungiswa okunembile kakhulu kwephuzu lokuqalisa, ukubambezeleka okuphansi kakhulu, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside ngenxa yokuguga okuncane kwemishini. Kubadlali bemidlalo abancintisanayo (ikakhulukazi imidlalo ye-FPS) kanye nabasebenzisi abathuthukile, bayintokozo yangempela.
I-Ergonomics ingenye insika ebalulekile, ikakhulukazi uma uchitha usuku lwakho uthayipha noma udlala imidlalo. Yilapho imininingwane efana nokuthambekela okulungisekayo, ukuphumula kwesandla, ukuhamba kwekhiye, ukuma kwe-keycap, futhi, kwezinye izimo, imiklamo ekhethekile efana namakhibhodi ahlukene noma agobile idlala khona. Lawa makhibhodi awahlose nje ukukugcina ukhululekile kodwa futhi anciphisa ukucindezeleka ezihlakaleni zakho, ezingalweni, nasemahlombe uma uchitha amahora amaningi phambi kwekhompyutha.
Izinhlobo zamakhibhodi: i-membrane, i-mechanical, i-optical, i-magnetic, ne-hybrid
Uma imiqondo ejwayelekile isicacile, sekuyisikhathi sokubheka izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhibhodi, ngoba lokhu kuzonquma ulwazi lokuthayipha, izinga lomsindo, kanye nokuqina . Ubuchwepheshe ngabunye bunezithameli eziqondiwe kubo, futhi ayikho inketho eyodwa ephelele yawo wonke umuntu.
Amakhibhodi e-Membrane ayizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ezitholakala kumakhompyutha asehhovisi kanye namamodeli asezingeni lokuqala. Asebenza nge-dome yerabha noma ye-silicone, lapho icindezelwa, ithintana ne-circuit membrane. Inzuzo yawo eyinhloko ukuthi ashibhile kakhulu, athule kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile alula futhi kulula ukuwathutha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuchofoza izinkinobho akucaci kahle, ukunemba kuphansi, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi irabha ivame ukuqina, idinga amandla amaningi ukuze ithayiphe. Ngakho-ke, afanele ukusetshenziswa ehhovisi ngezikhathi ezithile, ukusetshenziswa ekhaya, kanye nezimo lapho umsindo uyinkinga khona , kodwa awayona inketho yokuqala uma ufuna ukusebenza okuphezulu.
Amakhibhodi emishini asuke ekubeni yindawo ebalulekile kubathandi bawo afinyelela ekubeni cishe ajwayelekile kubadlali begeyimu nochwepheshe abathayipha okuningi. Ukhiye ngamunye uhlanganisa iswishi yawo yemishini, enentwasahlobo kanye nendlela enquma ukuhamba, amandla adingekayo, kanye nendawo eqondile lapho kubhaliswe khona inkinobho yenkinobho. Lokhu kuzimela kunikeza impendulo enembile kakhulu, umuzwa wokuthinta owanelisayo, kanye nokuqina okuvame ukufinyelela kuma-keystrokes ayizigidi ezingama-50 noma ngaphezulu ngokhiye ngamunye. Futhi amelana kakhulu nothuli futhi kulula ukuwahlukanisa nokuwahlanza.
Ngaphakathi kwamakhibhodi omshini, kunezinhlobo eziningana zamaswishi . Amaswishi aqondile anikeza ukuhamba okubushelelezi, ngaphandle kokugoba okuthintekayo noma ukuchofoza okuzwakalayo, okulungele imidlalo yokuncintisana lapho isivinini kanye nokudlala okungenazo iziphazamiso kubalulekile (amaswishi ajwayelekile abomvu noma aphuzi). Amaswishi athintayo ethula ukugoba okuncane okubonisa ukuthi ukhiye usebenze, ngaphandle kokudinga ukufinyelela phansi kohambo lwawo, okwenza kube nokulinganisela okuhle kokuthayipha nokudlala ngasikhathi sinye (oNsundu, owolintshi, njll.). Futhi amaswishi athintayo anezela umsindo wokuchofoza ocacile kanye nomuzwa ohlukile kakhulu, ofanele labo abajabulela impendulo ezwakalayo ngenkathi bethayipha (oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njll.).
Amaswishi okukhanya athatha indawo yokuxhumana kukagesi ngomshini ngohlelo lokukhanya oluphazanyiswa lapho ukhiye ucindezelwa. Umphumela uba ukusebenza okusheshayo nokunembile, ngokubambezeleka okuphansi futhi cishe akukho ukuguguleka koxhumana nabo. Amakhibhodi amaningi okudlala aphezulu asebenzisa lolu hlobo lokushintsha, ikakhulukazi amamodeli aklanyelwe i-FPS nemidlalo esheshayo . Amaswishi amagnetic, ngakolunye uhlangothi (njengalawo asetshenziswa amanye amamodeli e-SteelSeries noma e-Razer), athola indawo ye-keycap esebenzisa izinzwa zamagnetic futhi avumela ukulungiswa okunembile kakhulu kwephuzu lokuqalisa, kanye nokunikeza izici ezifana nokusebenza kwezinga eliphindwe kabili kukhiye owodwa.
Emkhathini ophakathi, sithola amakhibhodi ahlanganisiwe noma angewona awe-mechanical , ahlanganisa i-membrane nezindlela ezengeziwe ezilingisa umuzwa wekhibhodi ye-mechanical. Ngokuvamile anikeza umuzwa wokucindezela ocacile kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kunekhibhodi ye-membrane emsulwa, ngaphandle kokufinyelela intengo yamakhibhodi amaningi e-mechanical. Angaba yindlela enhle uma ufuna okuthile okukhululekile ukuthayipha kukho, kodwa isabelomali sakho sincane noma ukhetha ukungabi nomsindo ojwayelekile wamaswishi athile.
Osayizi namafomethi: usayizi ogcwele, i-TKL, 75%, 65%, 60% kanye no-40%
Ngaphandle kohlobo lwezinkinobho, ukwakheka kwekhibhodi kuthinta kokubili isikhala sedeski esitholakalayo kanye ne-ergonomics lapho kubekwa igundane. Akuyona nje indaba yobuhle; ukukhetha usayizi ofanele kungakusindisa ebuhlungwini behlombe kanye nengalo.
Ifomethi yekhibhodi enosayizi ogcwele noma engu-100% iyikhibhodi yakudala: ifaka ikhiphedi yezinombolo, umugqa womsebenzi, okhiye bemicibisholo, kanye nokhiye bokuzulazula (Faka, Ikhaya, i-PgUp, njll.). Kuyindlela ekhululekile kakhulu uma usebenza kakhulu ngezinombolo, amaspredishithi, noma izinhlelo lapho i-numpad isheshisa khona ukuhamba komsebenzi wakho. Inkinga ukuthi ithatha isikhala esiningi futhi ikuphoqa ukuthi uhambise igundane ngakwesokudla, okungabeka ukucindezeleka okwengeziwe ehlombe lakho uma unedeski elincane.
Amakhibhodi e -TKL (TenKeyLess, 80-85%) adela ikhiphedi yezinombolo kuphela, agcina cishe konke okunye. Lokhu kukhulula isikhala esiningi ohlangothini lwesokudla, okukuvumela ukuthi ubeke igundane eduze komzimba wakho futhi kube lula ukunyakaza okubanzi, into ebaluleke kakhulu kubadlali be-FPS. Uma ungafaki izinombolo njalo, ngokuvamile ziyinketho elinganiselayo kakhulu maqondana nenduduzo , ukusebenza, kanye nosayizi.
Ngefomethi engu-75% , okhiye bancane kakhulu, ngokuvamile bahlanganisa indawo yokuzulazula futhi bahlanganise yonke into ibe yibhulokhi ebanzi. Usenabo okhiye bemicibisholo, okhiye bokusebenza, kanye nokhiye abaningi abakhethekile, kodwa endaweni evalekile kakhulu. Kufana nalokho okuthola kuma-laptop amaningi, ngakho-ke kuzojwayelana nalabo abajwayele ukuthayipha kuwo.
Amakhibhodi angu-65% athatha isinyathelo esiqhubekayo, esusa umugqa womsebenzi kanye nengxenye yebhulokhi lokuzulazula, kodwa ngokuvamile agcina okhiye bemicibisholo abazinikele. Athandwa kakhulu kulabo abafuna inhlanganisela ye-minimalism kanye nokusebenza. Usengasebenza futhi udlale ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okhiye abaningi kakhulu, futhi isikhala osigcinayo sikhulu, silungele uma ufuna ukusethwa okuhlanzekile kakhulu noma ukuphatheka kalula.
Ngezakhiwo ezingu -60% no-40% , singena emkhakheni womklamo ohlangene kakhulu. Kusakhiwo esingu-60%, okhiye bemicibisholo abazinikele kanye nebhulokhi lokuzulazula kuyanyamalala; yonke leyo misebenzi ifinyelelwa ngezinqamuleli zesibili kusetshenziswa okhiye be-Fn. Kusakhiwo esingu-40%, ngisho nomugqa wenombolo ephezulu awufakiwe, ugxile kakhulu ezinhlamvini nasezilungisini. Lezi zakhiwo zenzelwe abasebenzisi abathuthukile ababeka isikhala phambili futhi abazimisele ukufunda inhlanganisela entsha yokhiye ukuze bafinyelele kuyo yonke imisebenzi.
Iphrofayela yekhibhodi, izinto ezibalulekile, kanye nokwakheka kwayo
Uma sikhuluma "ngephrofayili" yekhibhodi, asibhekiseli nje ekuphakameni kwayo iyonke, kodwa futhi nasekumeni nasekuphakameni kwezikhiye zokhiye emgqeni ngamunye. Lokhu kuthinta ukuma kweminwe, induduzo yokuthayipha, kanye nomsindo wokucindezela izinkinobho. Nakuba kuvame ukunganakwa, kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke.
Amaphrofayili ayisihluthulelo avame kakhulu kumakhibhodi omshini yi -OEM ne-Cherry , womabili alinganiselayo futhi afanele zonke izinhlobo zokusetshenziswa. Iphrofayili ye-SA inde, inobuhle besikhathi esidlule kanye nomsindo ojulile, ozwakalayo; ithandwa kakhulu yilabo abajabulela ulwazi "lokubhala olujwayelekile". Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaphrofayili afana ne-DSA anikeza okhiye abacaba nabafanayo, okwenza kube lula ukuhambisa iminwe yakho phakathi kwemigqa, kodwa kungase kuzwakale kungavamile ekuqaleni kulabo abavela kwikhibhodi ye-laptop.
Izinto ze-keycap nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile. Ama-keycap ngokuvamile enziwa nge -ABS noma i-PBT . I-ABS iyipulasitiki esakazeke kakhulu: ihlala isikhathi eside, ivumela izinhlobo eziningi zokuqedwa, futhi isetshenziswa kukho konke kusukela ezitini ze-LEGO kuya ngaphakathi kwezimoto eziningi. Ububi bayo ukuthi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ivame ukupholishwa yiminwe, okushiya lokho kukhanya kwesici ezinkinobho ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-PBT imelana nokuguguleka kangcono, imelana nokushisa kangcono, futhi igcina ukuphela kwayo okungabonakali isikhathi eside, yingakho ivame ukubhekwa njengento "ephambili" kakhulu.
Ukuhlelwa kwekhibhodi kubhekisela kokubili olimini (ES, EN, njll.) kanye nendinganiso ebonakalayo (ISO vs. ANSI). Kwi-PC ye-Windows eSpain, ukwakheka okukhululekile kakhulu ukwakheka kwe-Spanish ISO, okuhlanganisa ukhiye odumile we-Ñ, ukhiye we-accent, kanye nokhiye omkhulu we-Enter, onomumo we-L. Indinganiso ye-ANSI (evame kakhulu kumakhibhodi aseMelika) inokhiye omncane we-Enter futhi ishintsha kancane indawo yamakhiya athile; kungaba wusizo uma ufuna ukufinyelela amamodeli athile angathengiswa ngokusemthethweni enguqulweni yesiSpanishi, kodwa kudinga ukujwayela ukwakheka okuhlukile.
Futhi akufanele sikhohlwe ukuxhumeka nezici ezengeziwe . Amakhibhodi amaningi esimanje afaka i-Bluetooth enamaphoyinti amaningi, okukuvumela ukuthi uwahlanganise namadivayisi amaningi bese ushintsha phakathi kwawo ngenhlanganisela yokhiye. Amanye asebenzisa i- dongle ye-USB engu-2,4 GHz , enikeza uxhumano olungenantambo oluzinzile nolusheshayo, olufanele ukunciphisa ukubambezeleka emidlalweni. Futhi, ebangeni eligxile kakhulu kubathandi, uzothola amakhibhodi ashintshashintshayo ashisayo, akuvumela ukuthi ushintshe amaswishi ngaphandle kokuwafaka nge-solder, ngokuwasusa nje ngethuluzi bese ufaka amasha—aphelele uma ufuna ukwenza ngokwezifiso ngokugcwele umuzwa nomsindo.
Ukuxhumana, ukukhanya kwe-RGB kanye nezinto ezengeziwe zemidlalo
Uma unesifiso sokudlala imidlalo, kunezici ezengeziwe okufanele uzibhekisise, ngoba kule ndawo inhlanganisela yokuxhumana okuhle, izici zokulwa nezipoki kanye nesofthiwe yokwenza ngokwezifiso kungenza umehluko phakathi kwekhibhodi "ebukeka kahle" kanye nekhibhodi eyenzelwe ngempela imidlalo engathi sína.
Ngokuphathelene nokuxhumeka , uma udlala imidlalo ku-PC ye-Windows unezinketho ezimbili eziyinhloko: ikhebula le-USB noma i-wireless ene-latency ephansi. Amakhibhodi ane-wire ahlala eyindinganiso yegolide ngokuthembeka: akukho ukuyeka, impendulo esheshayo, futhi asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngamabhethri okushaja. Amakhibhodi angenantambo athuthuke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lawo asebenzisa ama-dongle azinikele angu-2,4 GHz avela kumikhiqizo efana ne-Logitech, SteelSeries, Corsair, noma i-Asus. Ngala mamodeli, ukubambezeleka cishe akunakwa, ngisho nasemidlalweni yokuncintisana , uma nje usebenzisa isamukeli esizinikele futhi unebhethri elishajiwe.
Ukukhanya kwe-RGB manje sekucishe kube yonke indawo kumakhibhodi emidlalo. Ngaphandle kokukhanga kwayo okuhle, inikeza izinzuzo ezisebenzayo: kusiza ukuthola okhiye ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuphansi, kwenza kube lula ukugqamisa izindawo ezithile (isibonelo, okhiye be-WASD kumdlalo wokudubula), futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uvumelanise imiphumela nomdlalo ngesofthiwe. Abakhiqizi abaningi banikeza izinhlelo ezikuvumela ukuthi unikeze imiphumela ngomdlalo ngamunye, udale amaphrofayili anezinhlelo zemibala ehlukene, futhi ulondoloze konke ngqo kwimemori yekhibhodi.
Okubaluleke kakhulu futhi uhlelo lokulwa nokugqwala kanye ne-N-Key Rollover (NKRO) . Ukugqwala kwenzeka lapho, lapho ucindezela okhiye abaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, ikhibhodi ingakwazi ukubhalisa wonke ama-keystrokes noma ithumela inhlanganisela engalungile. Emidlalweni lapho kufanele uhambise, ugxume, ushintshe izikhali, futhi usebenzise amakhono ngesikhathi esisodwa, lokhu kungaba yinhlekelele. Ikhibhodi ene-NKRO yangempela iyakwazi ukubhalisa inani eliphezulu kakhulu lama-keystrokes ngesikhathi esisodwa (noma ngisho nawo wonke) ngaphandle kwamaphutha, into ebaluleke kakhulu emidlalweni esheshayo nezihloko lapho usebenzisa khona inhlanganisela eminingi yokhiye.
Ngokuphathelene nezinto ezengeziwe, amamodeli amaningi emidlalo afaka okhiye be-macro abangahle bahlelwe , ama-volume dials noma amasondo, izilawuli zemidiya ezizinikele, futhi, kumamodeli athuthuke kakhulu, izikrini ezincane ze-OLED noma ze-TFT zokubonisa ulwazi olwengeziwe (imodi yokuxhumana, iphrofayili esebenzayo, izinga lebhethri, njll.). Lezi zici azibalulekile kuwo wonke umuntu, kodwa uma udlala imidlalo ye-MMO noma ye-RTS, noma umane ufuna ukulawula okwengeziwe ngaphandle kokushiya umdlalo, zingaba yinzuzo enkulu. Ungathuthukisa futhi ukuhamba komsebenzi wakho nge -Stream Deck.
Ngokuphathelene nokushintsha okunconywa kakhulu kwemidlalo ethile, ukushintsha okubomvu okuqondile noma okubonakalayo kuvame ukuba yizintandokazi zemidlalo ye-FPS, ngenxa yesivinini sazo kanye nokuntuleka kwempendulo ethintekayo. Kuma-MMO noma imidlalo lapho uthayipha khona kakhulu engxoxweni, ukushintsha okuthintekayo (okunsundu, okuwolintshi, njll.) noma ezinye izinkinobho ezichofozayo zingaba ngcono kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ungabela ama-macros kokhiye abengeziwe.
Ngokuphathelene nemikhiqizo ehamba phambili kanye nobuchwepheshe, ukuqhathanisa okufana ne -Logitech vs Razer kugqamisa amakhibhodi anezinkinobho ezizimele ezilungiselelwe imidlalo yokuncintisana, amamodeli anezinkinobho ezisheshayo ezisebenza ngamandla ezenzelwe ama-esports, amakhibhodi ane-chassis ye-aluminium engu-6063 kanye nama-double-gasket assemblies ukuthuthukisa umsindo kanye nomuzwa wokuthayipha, kanye namabhodi e-PCB angashintshwa ngokushisa avumela ukushintshwa kwenkinobho ngaphandle kokushintshwa. Amaningi alawa makhibhodi afaka nezinkinobho ze-PBT eziphindwe kabili, izendlalelo ezinhlanu noma ngaphezulu zokunciphisa umsindo ngaphakathi, kanye nezinhlelo zokukhanyisa ze-RGB ezithuthuke kakhulu, ezinye zisabela ngisho nakumculo.
Futhi akufanele sikhohlwe uhla olukhulu lwamakhibhodi emidlalo angabizi kakhulu asanikeza ulwazi oluhle. Kukhona amamodeli e-membrane anokukhanya kwe-RGB kanye ne-anti-ghosting ngama-euro angaphezu kwamashumi amabili, amakhibhodi e-mechanical angabizi kakhulu anama-switch e-Outemu kanye ne-TKL noma ama-layout angu-60%, ngisho namakhibhodi amancane lapho ikhiphedi yezinombolo ihlelwe kabusha ukuze kongiwe isikhala. Kulesi sigaba, kunezinketho ezithile ezithakazelisayo kakhulu uma ufuna ukuqala ezweni lamakhibhodi e-mechanical ngaphandle kokuchitha imali eningi.
Amakhibhodi anconyiwe okusebenza nokuthayipha amahora amaningi
Uma okubaluleke kakhulu kuwe kungeyona ukunqoba umdlalo njengokubekezelela amahora amaningi okuthayipha ngaphandle kokuba izandla zakho zibe buhlungu , ukugxila kuyashintsha. Lapha, i-ergonomics, umsindo, ukuzinza, kanye nokuthayipha kuzwakala kubaluleke kakhulu kunezinhlayiya, ama-macro, noma izinga lokuvota.
Phakathi kwamakhibhodi "asehhovisi" aphezulu, imodeli eyodwa evelele ikhibhodi yomshini ephansi eyenzelwe ukukhiqiza, enezinkinobho ezinkulu kanye nendawo emnandi yokuthinta, enikeza ukuchofoza okubushelelezi kodwa okuthule. Izinkinobho zokuthinta ezithule ziyisinqumo esihle kakhulu, njengoba zigcina impendulo ethambile yokuthinta ngaphandle kokuchofoza okukhulu okuvamile. Isici esiwusizo kakhulu salezi zikhibhodi ukukhanyisa okuhlakaniphile kwangemuva , okukhanyisa izinkinobho lapho kuthola izandla zakho ezisondela kuzo futhi kulungisa ukukhanya ngokuya ngokukhanya okuzungezile ukuze konge amandla ebhethri.
Uma ukhetha ukusebenza okuthule kakhulu kanye nomuzwa osondele kakhulu kowekhompyutha ephathekayo, amakhibhodi e-membrane aphezulu anama-keycap aklanywe kahle kanye ne-chassis eqinile ayindlela enhle kakhulu. Anikeza ukuthayipha okubushelelezi, cishe athule, futhi ngokuvamile ashibhile kunekhibhodi yemishini. Kodwa-ke, udela okunye "kwenjabulo" yokunemba nokuthayipha okuhlotshaniswa nezinkinobho zemishini.
Emkhakheni we-ergonomics emsulwa, sinekhibhodi eklanyelwe ngqo ukuthuthukisa ukuma kwesandla nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka. Isibonelo esihle ukwakheka kwekhibhodi okugobile nokuhlukanisiwe , okuhlukanisa izingxenye zesobunxele nesokudla ukuze isandla ngasinye siphumule endaweni yaso yemvelo, nge-engeli evulekile kakhulu. Lawa makhibhodi ngokuvamile afaka phakathi izindawo zokuphumula zesandla ezinamaphiko, amaphrofayili ayisihluthulelo afanela ukuma kweminwe, kanye nokuthambekela okuncane okungekuhle ukuze kuncishiswe ukugoba kwesandla. Adinga isikhathi sokulungisa, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, anciphisa kakhulu ukukhathala.
Ngaphakathi kobubanzi obujwayelekile be-ergonomic, kukhona namamodeli anomklamo wamagagasi angahlukanisi ngokuphelele izingxenye ezimbili zekhibhodi, kodwa alungisa ukuphakama nesimo semigqa ukuze asekele ukuma kwemvelo kwesandla. Lawa makhibhodi ngokuvamile afaka izindawo zokuphumula zesandla ezinkulu ezine-memory foam kanye nokuxhumeka okungenantambo nge-Bluetooth noma ama-receiver azinikele, okwenza kube lula ukuwasebenzisa ngamadivayisi amaningi ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, kuyalulekwa ukunaka imininingwane efana nokuhambisana neWindows nezinye izinhlelo , ikhono lokushintsha ngokushesha phakathi kwamadivayisi, ukuba khona kwezinkinobho ze-multimedia kanye nezinqamuleli zokukhiqiza, kanye, nekhwalithi yokwakha yekhibhodi. Ikhibhodi eyenzelwe amahora amaningi okuthayipha kufanele iqine, ingaguquguquki uma uthayipha kakhulu, futhi inikeze isisekelo esingasheleli ukuvimbela ukunyakaza ngenkathi usebenza.
Amakhibhodi anconyiwe okudlala kuma-PC e-Windows
Uma uthanda imidlalo yevidiyo, uhlu lwezici okufanele uzicabangele luyanda: udinga ikhibhodi enikeza impendulo esheshayo, umuzwa omuhle ngenkathi udlala, ukusebenza okulwa nokugqwala, futhi, ngokufanele, ukwenza ngokwezifiso okuthuthukisiwe . Ukusuka lapho, ungakhetha phakathi kwamafomethi nobuchwepheshe obuhlukile kuye ngesikhala sakho kanye nesabelomali sakho.
Kububanzi obuncane, amakhibhodi angu-60% no-65% anezinkinobho eziqondile noma ezikhanyayo kanye nesilinganiso esiphezulu sokuvota (kufika ku-1.000 Hz noma ngaphezulu) afanele imidlalo ye-FPS, njengoba ekhulula isikhala esiningi segundane futhi alivumele ukuthi lihambe ngokuzwela okuphansi ngaphandle kokucindezela ikhibhodi. Amanye amamodeli afaka izinkinobho ezilungisekayo zikagesi, okukuvumela ukuthi ukhethe indawo eqondile lapho ukhiye usebenza khona ngaphakathi kobubanzi obukhulu kakhulu (isibonelo, kusukela ku-0,1 mm kuya ku-4 mm), futhi alungiselele nezenzo ezimbili kukhiye ofanayo: umsebenzi owodwa phakathi nohambo kanye nomunye ekuhambeni okugcwele.
Uma ukhetha into engadluli kakhulu, izakhiwo ze -TKL (80-85%) noma ezingama-75% zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabadlali ngoba zigcina iningi lezinkinobho ezibalulekile (izinkinobho zomcibisholo, izinkinobho zomsebenzi, ukuzulazula) ngenkathi zisashiya isikhala esanele ngakwesokudla. Ngaphakathi kwalesi sigaba, uzothola amakhibhodi omshini anezinkinobho eziqondile, ezithintekayo, noma ezizimele ezilungiselelwe kahle imidlalo, kanye nezinto ezengeziwe ezifana namasondo evolumu, izinkinobho ze-multimedia, kanye nokuphumula kwesandla okususekayo.
Kulolu hlu oluphezulu, akukho ukushoda kwamakhibhodi anezibonisi ezihlanganisiwe (i-OLED noma i-TFT) ezikuvumela ukuthi ubone izinga lebhethri, imodi yokuxhuma, iphrofayili esebenzayo, noma ngisho nezithombe ezincane ngokushesha. Eziningi zazo zinikeza izinketho zokuxhuma ezintathu (i-2,4 GHz low latency, i-Bluetooth, kanye ne-USB-C) ukuze ukwazi ukuzisebenzisa ne-PC yakho yokudlala ye-Windows kanye namanye amadivayisi ngaphandle kokushintsha amakhibhodi.
Ngokuphathelene nemikhiqizo ehamba phambili kanye nobuchwepheshe, amakhibhodi anezinkinobho ezizimele ezilungiselelwe imidlalo yokuncintisana ayagqama, kanye namamodeli anezinkinobho ezisheshayo ezisebenza ngamandla ezenzelwe ama-esports, amakhibhodi ane-chassis ye-aluminium engu-6063 kanye nama-double-gasket assemblies ukuthuthukisa umsindo kanye nomuzwa wokuthayipha, kanye namabhodi e-PCB angashintshaniswa ngokushisa avumela ukushintshwa kwenkinobho ngaphandle kokushintshwa. Amaningi alawa makhibhodi afaka nezinkinobho ze-PBT eziphindwe kabili, izendlalelo ezinhlanu noma ngaphezulu zokunciphisa umsindo ngaphakathi, kanye nezinhlelo zokukhanyisa ze-RGB ezithuthuke kakhulu, ezinye zisabela ngisho nakumculo.
Futhi akufanele sikhohlwe uhla olukhulu lwamakhibhodi emidlalo angabizi kakhulu asanikeza ulwazi oluhle. Kukhona amamodeli e-membrane anokukhanya kwe-RGB kanye ne-anti-ghosting ngama-euro angaphezu kwamashumi amabili, amakhibhodi e-mechanical angabizi kakhulu anama-switch e-Outemu kanye ne-TKL noma ama-layout angu-60%, ngisho namakhibhodi amancane lapho ikhiphedi yezinombolo ihlelwe kabusha ukuze kongiwe isikhala. Kulesi sigaba, kunezinketho ezithile ezithakazelisayo kakhulu uma ufuna ukuqala ezweni lamakhibhodi e-mechanical ngaphandle kokuchitha imali eningi.
Amakhibhodi okusetshenziswa okuxubile: ukukhiqiza kanye nokudlala imidlalo
Abantu abaningi abafuni amakhibhodi amabili, elilodwa lomsebenzi nelinye lokudlala imidlalo, kodwa kunalokho i-peripheral eyodwa engaphatha imisebenzi yehhovisi kanye nemidlalo . Kuleso simo, isihluthulelo ukuthola ibhalansi efanele phakathi kwenduduzo, ukusebenza, kanye nokusebenza.
Inketho ethakazelisayo ikhibhodi encane yemishini (75% noma 96%) ehlanganisa i-chassis ye-aluminium, izinkinobho eziqondile noma ezithintayo ezigcotshwe kahle, kanye ne-gasket yangaphakathi noma i-padding ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukuchofoza okubushelelezi nokuthule. Uma ihlanganisa nokuxhumana okubili (okunezintambo + i-Bluetooth) kanye nokuhambisana ne-Windows nezinye izinhlelo, une-peripheral eguquguqukayo ongayisebenzisa ne-PC yakho yedeskithophu, i-laptop, ngisho ne-tablet.
Esinye isigaba esilinganiselayo kahle amakhibhodi okudlala asezingeni eliphakathi, atholakala nge-TKL noma ngezakhiwo ezigcwele, anezinkinobho ezithintayo (ezinsundu) kanye nokuphumula kwesihlakala okungasuswa . Lawa makhibhodi avumela umsebenzi okhululekile futhi, uma sekuyisikhathi sokudlala, akhanya ngempela ngenxa yamazinga awo aphezulu okuvota, isofthiwe yokulwa nezipoki, kanye ne-macro. Izilawuli ze-multimedia ezizinikele kanye nezinkinobho ezithile ze-macro zisiza ukuphatha imisebenzi yehhovisi kanye nemiyalo eyinkimbinkimbi yangaphakathi komdlalo.
Ngisho naphakathi kwamamodeli "akudala", anobuhle obuphefumulelwe amakhonsoli amadala noma amakhompyutha akudala, kunekhibhodi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokusetshenziswa okuxubile. Zinikeza ukuxhumana okubili (okunezintambo + okungenantambo), okhiye abalungiselelwa isofthiwe (nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kunqunyelwe ku-macOS), kanye nokwakhiwa okuqinile. Inkinga yazo enkulu imvamisa ukuntuleka kwesakhiwo esithile kwezinye izinhlelo noma ukungabikho kokhiye be-Mac abazinikele, kodwa zisebenza kahle ku-Windows.
Uma unesabelomali esincane, kukhona namaphakheji afaka ikhibhodi engenantambo negundane elinomklamo omncane nemibala ekhangayo. Ngokusobala, awanikezi ulwazi olufanayo nekhibhodi yomshini esezingeni eliphezulu, kodwa anele ngokuphelele ukuphequlula kwansuku zonke, umsebenzi wehhovisi olula, kanye nomdlalo ngezikhathi ezithile, ngaphandle kokuthatha isikhala esiningi kakhulu futhi ngokubukeka okuhlukile.
Ukucushwa, isofthiwe, ukulungiswa kanye nemibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Ngaphezu kwehadiwe ngokwayo, kubalulekile ukunaka konke okuhlobene nokucushwa, isofthiwe yokwenza ngokwezifiso, kanye nokugcinwa , ngoba lokhu kuthinta ngqo ulwazi esikhathini esimaphakathi neside.
Ngokuphathelene nokuhambisana, cishe wonke amakhibhodi amanje asebenza kahle ku-Windows, kodwa uma uhlela ukushintsha phakathi kwezinhlelo (i-Mac, i-Linux, i-iPadOS, i-Android, i-Smart TV…) kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi ikhibhodi ifaka yini izinkinobho ezithile nezinqamuleli ezivumelaniswe nesistimu ngayinye, futhi uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka, ukwazi isixazululi sekhibhodi.
Ngokuphathelene nokukhanyisa ngemuva , khumbula ukuthi imiphumela ye-RGB ayikona nje ukubukeka: ingakusiza ukuthi ugxile, uhlukanise amaqembu abalulekile, noma usebenze ekukhanyeni okuphansi ngaphandle kokucindezela amehlo akho. Kodwa-ke, ukukhanyisa emuva kunciphisa impilo yebhethri kumakhibhodi angenantambo, ngakho-ke kuyasiza uma ikhibhodi inikeza amazinga amaningi okukhanya, izindlela zokuvala okuzenzakalelayo, kanye, uma kungenzeka, izinzwa ezilungisa ubukhali ngokusekelwe ekukhanyeni okuzungezile.
Ngokuphathelene nemibuzo evamile, uma uzibuza ukuthi hlobo luni lwekhibhodi olufanele ukuthayipha kabanzi , abasebenzisi abaningi abazamayo bayavuma ukuthi amakhibhodi omshini anezinkinobho ezibushelelezi eziqondile noma ezilula zokuthinta ayathandwa, ngenxa yempendulo yawo ecacile kanye nokukhathala okuncishisiwe ngenxa yokungacindezeli izinkinobho phansi. Kumageyimu amsulwa, izinkinobho eziqondile ezibomvu noma ezikhanyayo ziyaphumelela emidlalweni ye-FPS, kuyilapho kuma-MMO nemidlalo enamakhono amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, izinkinobho zokuthinta noma zokuchofoza ezinama-macro azinikele zivame ukuba mnandi kakhulu.
Omunye umbuzo ovamile ukuthi amakhibhodi emishini anomsindo kakhulu yini ehhovisi. Impendulo iwukuthi kuncike kumodeli: kunekhibhodi yemishini enezinkinobho ezithule, iziqinisi ezigcotshwe ngotshani, kanye ne-foam yangaphakathi engakhiqizi umsindo ongaphezu kwekhibhodi ye-membrane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungangeza njalo ama-keycap dampers kanye ne-chassis foam ukuze unciphise umsindo ngokwengeziwe.
Ngokuphathelene nokugcinwa kwekhibhodi yomshini , ukuhlanza okuyisisekelo kuhilela ukuyikhipha eplagini, ukuyiphendulela phansi, bese uyishukumisa kancane ukuze ukhiphe noma yikuphi ukungcola. Vala izinkinobho ngokucophelela bese uzisula ngendwangu encane emanzi. Ukuze uhlanze ngokujulile, ungasebenzisa umshini wokudonsa izinkinobho ukuze ususe izinkinobho, uzicwilise emanzini afudumele ngethebhulethi yokuhlanza amazinyo okufakelwa noma insipho ethambile, uzihlanze, uzivumele zome ngokuphelele, kanti okwamanje, hlanza isisekelo namaswishi ngebhulashi eliqinile noma ama-swab ekotini kanye ne-vacuum cleaner ephathwayo.
Okokugcina, amakhibhodi ashintshashintshayo akuvumela ukuthi ushintshe amaswishi ngaphandle kokunamathisela noma amathuluzi akhethekile. Mane nje ususe iswishi ngethuluzi elincane bese ufaka elisha, elihambisanayo. Lokhu kuvula umnyango wokwenza ngokwezifiso ngokuphelele umuzwa nomsindo wekhibhodi yakho ngaphandle kokuthenga entsha njalo uma ufuna ukuzama into ehlukile.
Ngazo zonke lezi zinto ezingenhla, manje usunombono ophelele wokuthi yini okufanele uyibheke nokuthi yini okufanele uyigweme lapho ukhetha amakhibhodi e-Windows PC: kusukela kumafomethi nezinhlobo zokushintsha kuya ku-ergonomics, ukuxhumana, ukukhanyisa, imidlalo, kanye nokugcinwa. Ukwazi izinto eziza kuqala kuwe (umsebenzi onzima, imidlalo yokuncintisana, ukusetshenziswa okuxubile, noma i-ergonomics eyeqisayo) kuzokwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuthola imodeli ekufanele kakhulu futhi wakhe isethaphu lapho ukuthayipha nokudlala kukhululekile, kunembile, futhi, kungani kungenjalo, futhi kuyajabulisa emehlweni.
