Uma uhlelo lwe-Linux lwenqaba ukuqala, umuzwa wokwesaba awunakugwenywa, ikakhulukazi uma uvela eminyakeni eminingi yesipiliyoni nge-Windows futhi ungaqiniseki ukuthi wenzeni. Yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele uzilandele ku-GNU/Linux ukuze ulondoloze uhlelo kanye nedatha yakhoIzindaba ezinhle ukuthi, ezimweni eziningi, i-Linux inikeza izindlela eziningi zokuphunyuka kune-Windows ngaphambi kokuthi kudingeke i-reformat.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi, nakuba i-Linux iyisistimu eqinile kakhulu, Ayinazo izinkinga zokuqalisa ngenxa yamaphutha omuntu, ihadiwe enephutha, noma izinguquko kumphathi wokuqalisa we-GRUB.Uma uzihlela kahle futhi ulandela uhlelo olunengqondo, akuvamile ukuthi udingeke ukuthi ufake kabusha kusukela ekuqaleni, ulahlekelwe yikho konke.
Kungani uhlelo oluzinzile lwe-Linux lungayeka ukuqala
I-Linux inedumela lokuba yinkimbinkimbi, kodwa kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani. I-distro esebenza kahle ingasuka ekuqaliseni kabusha ngokujwayelekile iye ekubhajweni esikrinini esimnyama noma ku-error loop.Ngokuvamile impande yenkinga itholakala ezinguqukweni esizenzayo thina ngokwethu, nakuba kungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Phakathi kwezizathu ezivame kakhulu eziphazamisa ukuqala kwebhizinisi, izimo eziningana eziphindaphindwayo zivelele lapho Iphutha lisesiphathini sokuqalisa, kuma-disk partitions, noma i-kernel uqobo kanye nabashayeli bayo.Ukuhlonza ukuthi yiliphi iqembu icala lakho elifanelana nalo kunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokulungisa.
Kumasistimu ebhuthini amabili, kuvamile impela ukuthi I-Windows ingabhala kabusha i-MBR noma iphazamise i-GRUB ngemuva kokufakwa kabusha, ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu, noma ngenxa ye-Fast Boot.okushiya umsebenzisi engenaso inketho yokukhetha i-Linux ekuqaleni.
Futhi akufanele siwuthathe kancane umthelela we- Ama-patches asetshenziswe kabi, ama-kernel angahambisani nehadiwe yakho, noma abashayeli abangochwepheshe abangela ukuthi uhlelo luphahlazeke lapho i-kernel izama ukuyilayisha ngesikhathi sokuqalisa.
- Izinkinga nge-boot noma i-system partition.
- I-kernel ephukile noma isibuyekezo esihlulekile.
- Ama-patches namaphakheji alungiselelwe kancane kuphela.
- Abashayeli namamojula ayinkinga.
- Ukuqalisa okubili ngeWindows.
- Ukulungiselelwa kwe-GRUB noma i-BIOS/UEFI okungalungile.
- Ukusetshenziswa komshini obonakalayo.
Inzuzo ye-Linux ukuthi ezimweni eziningi singakwazi Qalisa endaweni ehlukile: i-TTY, imodi yokutakula, imodi yokutakula, noma i-distro ebukhoma, bese ulungisa kusukela lapho. Ngaphandle kokufometha. Ukufaka kabusha kusukela ekuqaleni, ngokungafani ne-Windows, ngokuvamile kuyindlela yokugcina, hhayi yokuqala.
Isihlungi sokuqala: ukwehluleka kwehadiwe noma ukwehluleka kwesofthiwe?
Ngaphambi kokuba uhlanye ngemiyalo, kubalulekile ukuqeda ukuthi inkinga akuyona eyomzimba kuphela, ngoba Uma i-hard drive ifa noma i-RAM inephutha, akukho myalo womlingo ozobuyisela ukuzinza.Kungcono ukuyithola ngokushesha okukhulu bese ulondoloza idatha.
Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukufaka i-BIOS/UEFI bese uhlola ukuthi ngabe Ibhodi lomama lisabona i-hard drive yakho noma i-SSD lapho i-Linux itholakala khona.Uma ingaveli ngisho ohlwini lwamadivayisi okuqalisa, kungenzeka ukuthi unekhebula elikhululekile, imbobo ye-SATA eyonakele, noma idrayivu ngokwayo isifile.
Uma idiski itholakele, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuhlola isimo sememori nediski ngamathuluzi afana ne-MemTest86+ kanye ne-smartmontoolsKungcono ukwenza lokhu usendaweni ebukhoma ukuze ungathembeli ohlelweni olungase luphuke.
Thola iphuzu eliqondile lapho inkampani eqalayo ibambeka khona
Uma izinkinga ezinkulu zehadiwe sezisusiwe, sekuyisikhathi sokuthola Iketanga liphuka kusiphi isigaba esithile sokuqalisa?Akufani nokuthi i-GRUB ingabonakali nhlobo njengokuphazamiseka kwe-kernel ngemuva kokukhetha okufakiwe.
Uma ungayiboni imenyu ye-GRUB ngisho nalapho ucindezela ukhiye we-Shift ngesikhathi sokuqalisa, ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi Umphathi we-boot ubhalwe ngaphezulu noma ufakwe ngendlela engafanele ku-MBR/EFIngokuvamile ngenxa yokufakwa kabusha kweWindows noma ngokushintsha izingxenye.
Uma kuvela i-GRUB kodwa ukukhetha i-Linux kuphumela esikrinini esimnyama, i-boot loop, noma imiyalezo yamaphutha e-kernel, inkinga ivame ukuba nge- ukucushwa kwe-GRUB, ama-kernel afakiwe, noma uhlelo lwefayela lwe-root partition uqobo.
Ekusabalalisweni okufana no-Ubuntu, uzovame ukukubona lokhu ngesikhathi sokuqalisa. i-animation noma ilogo efihla imiyalezo yangempela yesistimuUma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi kwenzekani ngempela, kungcono ukusebenzisa imodi ethi "verbose".
Ukuze wenze lokhu, uma usukwazi ukuhlela uhlelo, vula ifayela lokucushwa kwe-GRUB ku / njll / okuzenzakalelayo / grubThola umugqa:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
bese uyishiya ingenalutho, kanje:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""
Bese ugijima buyekeza-grub ukuvuselela ukucushwa. Ekuqaliseni okulandelayo, esikhundleni se-animation uzobona lonke uhlelo lokuqalisa kanye namaphutha avimba inqubo, into ebalulekile okufanele uyigweme ukuze ungabi yisithutha.
Ukusebenzisa izingodo kanye nemodi yokutakula ukuze kutholakale kangcono ukuxilongwa
Uma uhlelo lungayi kudeskithophu kodwa usengakwazi ukungena endaweni ebukhoma noma ukufaka idiski, amalogi esistimu aba umngane wakho omkhulu, ngoba Yonke imiyalezo yokuqalisa igcinwa kumafayela amaningana elogi.
Ku-distro efana ne-Ubuntu, into ewusizo kakhulu ongayenza ukuhlola amafayela afana nalawa /var/log/boot.log, /var/log/messages, umphumela we-dmesg, kanye nokufakwayo okutholakala nge-journalctlNdawonye, ​​ngokuvamile bakwenza kucace ukuthi inqubo yaphela nini.
Uma ukwehluleka kwenzeka kusenesikhathi futhi ungakwazi ngisho nokufaka ama-partition ngokujwayelekile, umthombo omuhle ekusabalalisweni njenge-Red Hat, i-CentOS, noma ama-derivatives uwukuthi imodi yokutakula endaweni yokufaka, kuqala ngepharamitha Khulula ezinhlamvini.
Uma uqala imodi yokusindisa, umfakisi uyakubuza Isithombe esizosetshenziswa sitholakala kuphi (i-CD yendawo, idiski, i-NFS, i-HTTP, i-FTP)? Futhi uma ufuna ukumisa inethiwekhi, okuyinto enhle kakhulu yokwenza ama-backup nge-SSH noma ukufaka izinsiza ezikude.
I-wizard ivame ukunikeza ukufaka uhlelo lwefayela olutholiwe ku /mnt/sysimage, kungaba kumodi yokufunda ukubhala noma kumodi yokufunda kuphelaUma usola umonakalo omkhulu ohlelweni lwamafayela, into ehlakaniphile okufanele uyenze ukuyifaka ngokufunda kuphela noma umane weqe ukuyifaka ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Uma usungaphakathi, ungashintsha impande yendawo yokutakula ibe uhlelo lwangempela ngokusebenzisa:
chroot /mnt/sysimage
Ngaleyo ndlela Noma yimuphi umyalo owenzayo (rpm, grub, fsck, njll.) uzosebenza njengokungathi uqala kabusha ngendlela evamile.Lokhu kwenza imisebenzi yokulungisa ibe lula kakhulu ngaphandle kokudinga indawo yedeskithophu enezithombe.
I-GRUB ayibonakali noma iphukile: ungayilungisa kanjani kahle
Uma inkinga iwukuthi awukwazi ngisho nokufinyelela kumenyu yokukhetha uhlelo, into enengqondo kakhulu okufanele uyicabange ukuthi Umphathi we-boot we-GRUB wonakele, awulungiselelwanga kahle, noma ushintshwe ngesinye. (ngokuvamile i-Windows loader).
Kumasistimu anezinhlinzeko eziningi noma nge-Windows ehlanganyela idiski, kuyinto evamile ukuthi Ukufakwa kabusha kweWindows kulayisha i-GRUB kusuka ku-MBR/EFI bese kuqala ngqo ohlelweni lwe-Microsoft. ngaphandle kokunikeza inketho yokukhetha i-Linux.
Indlela yakudala yokuthola kabusha i-GRUB uku Qalisa kusuka ku-CD/USB ebukhoma ye-distro yakho, faka i-partition lapho i-Linux ifakiwe khona, khipha, bese ufaka kabusha i-GRUB kudiski efanele.Kuyinqubo evivinywe kahle futhi esheshayo.
Esibonelweni esijwayelekile ngediski ye-/dev/sda kanye nempande ye-Linux ku-/dev/sda5, izinyathelo zizoba kanje:
sudo su
fdisk -l # para localizar la partición de Linux
mkdir /media/linux
mount -t ext4 /dev/sda5 /media/linux
mount -t proc none /media/linux/proc
mount -o bind /dev /media/linux/dev
chroot /media/linux
Ukusuka lapho, usuvele usesistimu efakiwe. I-GRUB yakudala (ifa) Ungakwenza:
grub
find /boot/grub/stage1
root (hdA,B)
setup (hdA)
quit
Ngenkathi nge-GRUB 2 umkhuba ojwayelekile uwukusebenza ngqo ukufaka-ukufaka ngokumelene nediski bese uphinda uvuselele ukucushwa nge buyekeza-grub ukuthola zonke izinhlelo ezikhona.
Uma ukhetha into ezenzakalelayo kakhulu futhi ungazizwa sengathi unenkinga ngemiyalo, ezindaweni ezifana ne-Ubuntu unayo eduze kwakho Ukulungiswa Kwe-Boot, ithuluzi elinamandla kakhulu lesithombe elenza kube lula kakhulu ukululama kwe-GRUB..
Kusuka ku- Iseshini ebukhomaKuzokwanela ukwenza:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y boot-repair
boot-repair
Ngemva kokuhlaziywa kokuqala kohlelo, uhlelo lokusebenza ngokwalo lusikisela "Ukulungiswa Okunconywayo" okuvame ukwanele ezimweni eziningi ukufaka kabusha i-GRUB lapho kufanele khona bese uphinda ukhiqize okufakiwe kwayo. Uma lokho kunganele, izinketho ezithuthukisiwe zikuvumela nokuthi Hlanza futhi wakhe kabusha i-GRUB kusukela ekuqaleni, khetha ukuthi iyiphi idiski ozoyifaka kuyo, buyisela i-MBR, hlola uhlelo lwefayela, noma ulungise ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo oluqala ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Imodi yokutakula, i-fsck, i-dpkg namanye amathuluzi angaphakathi
Uma kuvela i-GRUB futhi ungakhetha i-distro yakho, kodwa uhlelo luqina phakathi nendawo, kuzodingeka uhlole izinketho zokutakula ezinikezwa yimenyu ye-GRUB uqobo ekusatshalalisweni okuningi kwesimanje.
Ngokuvamile kukhona umnyango obizwa ngokuthi Izinketho eziphambili noma okufanayo lapho uzothola khona, ku-kernel ngayinye efakiwe, uhlobo olune imodi yokutakulaKuyindlela eqondile kakhulu yokungena endaweni yokulungisa enezimvume zezimpande.
Ngokukhetha inketho yokutakula i-kernel yakamuva, uhlelo luzoqala kwimodi ekhethekile ongaqala kuyo fsck ukuhlola nokulungisa amaphutha ediski, ukuhlanza ukuze kukhululwe isikhala, i-dpkg yokulungisa amaphakheji onakele, kanye nenketho yokuvuselela i-GRUB.
Ngokuvamile, la mathuluzi akuvumela ukuthi:
- fsck: ihlaziya uhlelo lwefayela futhi ilungisa ukungahambisani, okuwusizo kakhulu uma kube nokuphazamiseka kukagesi noma ukuvalwa okuphoqelekile phakathi nokubhala.
- ahlanzekile: kukhulula isikhala esingadingekile esingase sivimbele izibuyekezo ezibalulekile noma sibhale.
- dpkg: ilungisa kabusha futhi ilungise amaphakheji aphukile noma afakwe kancane, ivula izibuyekezo ezishiye uhlelo lusesimweni esingazinzile.
- Isibuyekezo se-Grub: iphoqa ukuvuselelwa kokucushwa kanye nokufakwa kwe-boot.
Uma ukuvinjelwa kungenxa yokuvuselelwa okuphazamisekile, i-kernel entsha ehluleka ukuqala, noma ukuhlukaniswa okucishe kuphelele, Ukudlula kule menyu yokutakula kuvame ukwanele ukwenza i-distro isebenze futhi. ngaphandle kwesidingo sama-CD abukhoma.
Izahluko ezonakele: i-fdisk ne-fsck ngokucophelela okukhulu
Esinye isimo esivamile ukuthi ukwahlukanisa lapho i-Linux ifakiwe khona noma ukwahlukanisa kwe-/boot uqobo kungase kube namaphutha ohlelweni lwefayela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenxa yokuvalwa okungazelelwe, imikhakha enephutha, noma izingxenye eziphathwe kabi.
Uma uhlelo lwenqaba ukufaka i-root partition ekuqaleni, enye indlela yokuphuma iwukuba Sebenzisa i-Live distro, bhala uhlu lwezingxenye nge-fdisk -ly, bese usebenzisa i-fsck kuhlu olufanele. ukuzama ukulungisa umonakalo (noma sebenzisa i-GPart (uma ukhetha isikhombikubona sezithombe).
Isibonelo, kusukela ku-Live ungenza:
sudo fdisk -l # localizar /dev/sda1, /dev/sda5, etc.
sudo fsck /dev/sda1
Ithuluzi le-fsck lihlola uhlelo lwefayela futhi, ezimweni ezithile, Iyakwazi ukulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo amaphutha anengqondo avimbele ukuhlanganiswaNokho, akuyona intonga yomlingo; uma idiski yonakele ngokomzimba, idatha ethile ingase ilahleke ngesikhathi sokulungiswa.
Isixwayiso esibalulekileKokubili i-fdisk ne-fsck kungakwazi bhubhisa ngokuphelele isakhiwo sokuhlukanisa noma okuqukethwe kohlelo lwefayela uma kusetshenziswe kabiNoma nini lapho kungenzeka, yenza isipele sedatha ebalulekile ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko. Uma ungenayo isipele, cabanga ukuthi uphatha imiyalo enobungozi obukhulu.
Izilungiselelo ze-BIOS/UEFI, i-Secure Boot kanye ne-Fast Boot
Kumakhompyutha esimanje, i-BIOS yakudala ithathelwe indawo yi-UEFI, futhi nayo iza nayo Izindlela zokuphepha ezifana ne-Secure Boot kanye nezinketho ze-"Fast Boot" zingaphazamisa kakhulu i-Linux uma zingalungiselelwanga kahle.
I-Secure Boot ivumela kuphela ikhodi yokuqalisa esayinwe ngokhiye abathembekile. Ukusabalalisa okuningi okukhulu sekuvele kufaka lokhu. i-shims isayinwe ukuze i-GRUB yakho kanye ne-kernel zisebenze nge-Secure Boot enikwe amandlaKodwa-ke, ezinye, ezingavamile kakhulu noma lezo ezenzelwe ihadiwe endala aziyisekeli.
Uma ukusatshalaliswa kwakho kungeke kuqalise noma i-UEFI yenqaba ukulayisha umphathi wayo wokuqalisa, ikhambi elisheshayo yileli Faka izilungiselelo ze-firmware, khubaza i-Secure Boot, noma unike amandla imodi ye-Legacy/CSM, edela ukuphepha okuthile ukuze athole ukuhambisana okugcwele.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma wabelana ngekhompyutha neWindows 10/11, kuyazuzisa khubaza ngokuphelele i-Fast Boot (noma i-Fast Startup) kokubili ku-Windows naku-UEFI uqobo.Lo msebenzi ushiya uhlelo lweMicrosoft ohlotsheni lwe-hybrid hibernation, ulahla ingxenye ye-kernel kudiski futhi uvimbele ukufinyelela okuhlanzekile ku-NTFS kusuka ku-Linux.
Uma i-Fast Boot ikhutshaziwe futhi i-Secure Boot isilungisiwe ngokwezidingo ze-distro yakho, I-Windows ne-Linux kufanele zihlale ndawonye kangcono kakhulu ekusethweni kwe-dual-boot.ngaphandle kokulayisha okugqagqene noma ukuvinjelwa yizinkinga zokulala.
Ukulingana kwengqondo neWindows: indlela yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ku-Debian/Ubuntu
Uma unesipiliyoni seminyaka eminingi nge-Windows, cishe usujwayele inqubo ephuthumayo engaguquki kakhulu: Imodi ephephile → i-chkdsk → ukulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo → ukubuyiselwa kwesistimu → ifomethiKu-Debian, Ubuntu kanye nama-derivatives ungalandela ifilosofi efanayo ngokushintsha amathuluzi.
Ukulandelana okunengqondo kokusatshalaliswa okusekelwe ku-Debian kungaba yinto efana nale, kuhlanganisa amasu amaningana okuxoxwe ngawo:
- Hlola i-BIOS/UEFI kanye nehadiwe: qinisekisa ukuthi idiski itholakele, i-RAM ene-MemTest, isimo sediski esine-SMART esivela ku-Live.
- Zama i-GRUB kanye nemodi yokutakulaUma i-GRUB iphuma, iya ku-Advanced options bese usebenzisa i-recovery ukuze uqalise i-fsck, i-dpkg bese uvuselela i-GRUB.
- Lungisa uhlelo lwefayelaUma i-root partition ingafakwa, sebenzisa i-Live + fsck ku-partition efanele ngokucophelela.
- Lungisa noma faka kabusha i-GRUB: nge-chroot manual noma i-Boot-Repair ukuhlanza umphathi nokubuyisela i-multiboot.
- Buyekeza futhi ushintshe i-kernel: khetha i-kernel endala ku-GRUB uma entsha yehluleka, noma uthuthukisele kwentsha uma endala iphahlazeka ngenxa yeziphazamiso ezaziwayo.
- Buyekeza amaphakheji kanye nokuxhomekeka okuhlanzekileKusukela ku-chroot, sebenzisa i-apt/dpkg ukuze uqedele izibuyekezo ezingaphelele bese ususa amaphakheji angqubuzanayo.
- Faka kabusha ngenkathi ugcina idathaUma kungekho okusebenza kahle, sebenzisa isifaki se-distro ukufaka kabusha i-Linux, ukugcina / ekhaya kanye, uma kungenzeka, izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Le ndlela ifana nengqondo naleyo osuvele uyifundile ku-Windows, kodwa ukusebenzisa amathuluzi nezinzuzo ezinikezwa yi-ecosystem ye-Debian/Ubuntulapho ukufakwa kabusha okuphelele kuvame ukuba yindlela yokugcina, hhayi eyokuqala.
Ukusebenzisa izithombe, ama-backups, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezahluko
Umehluko owodwa obalulekile ngeWindows ukuthi, ngaphandle kokuthi uyilungiselele, I-Linux ayifiki "nomshini wesikhathi" owakhelwe ngaphakathi njengo-System Restore.Kodwa unezindlela eziningana zokusondela kulowo mbono ngezifinyezo, ama-backup, kanye nokuhlukanisa okuhlakaniphile.
Umkhuba onconywa kakhulu Hlukanisa i-boot (/boot), isistimu (/), idatha (/home) ibe izingxenye ezahlukene, futhi uma ufuna, ingxenye ehlukile yedathaUma uhlelo luphahlazeka, ungayifaka kabusha ku-/ kanye naku-/boot, ushiye ukwahlukaniswa kwedatha kuphelele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma usebenzisa i-LVM noma izinhlelo zamafayela ezithuthukisiwe njenge-Btrfs, Ungakha izithombe zesistimu ngaphambi kokuthinta izinto ezibucayi (izibuyekezo ezinkulu, izinguquko ze-kernel, njll.)futhi bakwazi ukuhlehla ngokushesha uma kwenzeka inhlekelele.
Empilweni yansuku zonke, ngale kwezithombe ezimfushane, okusabalulekile Yenza amakhophi avamile esiqondisi sakho se-/home kanye namafayela abaluleke kakhulu kuwe.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukudrayivu ehlukile, efwini, noma ku-NAS, akukho thuluzi lokutakula elingathatha indawo yesipele esihle.
Omunye umkhuba onempilo ukuthi, uma uhlela amafayela okucushwa abucayi (/etc/fstab, /etc/default/grub, amafayela enethiwekhi, njll.)Njalo gcina ikhophi ngesandiso se-.bak noma esifanayo. Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle futhi uhlelo lwehluleka ukuqala, ungabuyisa ifayela lokuqala kusuka ku-Live disk noma imodi yokusindisa.
Kunini lapho kufanele ukufaka kabusha i-Linux futhi ungakwenza kanjani ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa idatha?
Kufika isikhathi lapho, ngemva kwemizamo eminingi kanye nemisebenzi engaphumelelanga, Kungcono kakhulu ukufaka kabusha i-distro kunokuqhubeka nokulungisa uhlelo olungazinzileIsihluthulelo ukukwenza ngendlela engalahli ulwazi.
Ukusabalalisa okufana ne-Ubuntu, i-Linux Mint, noma i-Zorin kuvame ukunikeza inketho ecacile ku-installer yabo ku- Faka kabusha uhlelo ngenkathi ugcina amafayela akho siqu kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakiweYinguqulo ye-Linux "yokufakwa kokulungiswa" kwe-Windows.
Nakuba le ndlela ivame ukusebenza kahle kakhulu, kuhlale kunconywa ukuthi Yisekele ngokwenza isipele se-/home directory yakho kanye nanoma iyiphi idatha ebucayi kudrayivu yangaphandle noma efwini.uma kwenzeka kukhona okungahambi kahle ngesikhathi senqubo.
Uma ukufakwa kabusha "kokugcina" kungayilungisi inkinga futhi, indlela yokugcina iwukuba sula bese ufaka kabusha uhlelo kusukela ekuqaleni usebenzisa izingxenye ezihlukene ze-/boot, / kanye ne-/home/dataNgesikhathi esizayo uma kwenzeka ingozi yokuqalisa, vele ufomethe i-/boot kanye ne-/, ushiye ukuhlukaniswa kwedatha kungathintwa.
Ngisho noma une-partition eyodwa exubile lapho uhlelo nedatha kuhlangene khona, usengakwazi Qalisa kusuka kudiski ebukhoma, faka leyo partition, kopisha idatha yakho kudrayivu yangaphandle, bese uyifaka kabusha. ngokuthula kwengqondo ukuthi amafayela akho asephephile kakade.
Uma, ngemva kwakho konke lokhu, ukwazile ukuthola uhlelo lwakho lwe-Linux luphefumula futhi, into ehlakaniphe kakhulu ongayenza ukwenza eminye imisebenzi ibe ngaphakathi: Qaphela kakhulu lapho ubuyekeza ama-kernel namaphakheji abalulekile, yenza ama-backups avamile, uhlukanise uhlelo lokusebenza nedatha, khubaza izici ze-Windows boot fast, futhi ugcine i-USB ebukhoma enamathuluzi afana ne-Boot-Repair iseduze.Ngokulandela uhlelo oluhlelekile lokuhlola—i-hardware, i-GRUB, uhlelo lwamafayela, amaphakheji, ama-kernel, kanye nokufaka kabusha ekugcineni kuphela—akuvamile ukuthi i-Linux engayiqali igcine isiyisigwebo sentambo ngenxa yedatha yakho noma isikhathi sakho.
