Ukufaka i-Linux kwi-laptop kungabangela ukukhathazeka ekuqaleni. Abasebenzisi abaningi besaba ukuhlangana nodonga lokungalingani noma ukuchitha amahora amaningi belwa ne-terminal ukuze benze i-Wi-Fi isebenze, bezibuza ukuthi ikhona yini enye indlela phakathi kwe-Windows, Mac, noma i-Linux ephatha ihadiwe ngokuzenzakalelayo njenge-Windows. Iqiniso liwukuthi, yize senze intuthuko enkulu, ukwesekwa okusemthethweni kwabakhiqizi akulingani, okuphoqa abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhethe kakhulu ngezinketho zabo zezingxenye.
Kodwa-ke, asikho isidingo sokwesaba. Uma sazi ukuthi sibheke kuphi futhi siqonda ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-Linux kusebenza kanjani, singenza amakhompyutha ethu agijime. Isihluthulelo sisekuqondeni ukuthi i-Linux ayiphathi abashayeli njengephakheji yangaphandle engalandwa; kunalokho, iningi labo lihlala ngaphakathi kwe-kernel uqobo. Lokhu kushintsha ngokuphelele indlela esixazulula ngayo izinkinga zabashayeli futhi sithuthukise ukusebenza kwehadiwe.
Inhliziyo yesistimu: I-Kernel kanye nobudlelwano bayo nehadiwe
Ukuze siqonde ukuthi kungani ingxenye ethile ngezinye izikhathi ingasebenzi kahle, sidinga ukukhuluma nge-kernel. Lona umxhumanisi oyisisekelo ovumela isofthiwe ukuthi ixhumane nezingxenye zomzimba zekhompyutha, ilawula konke kusukela kwimemori kuya ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, ku-Linux, abashayeli abahlukaniswa; okungukuthi, bayingxenye ye-kernel. Uma unengxenye entsha kakhulu kanye ne-kernel endala, ukufuna isifaki sangaphandle ngeke kusize , njengoba ikhambi langempela ukuvuselela ihadiwe kanye nesofthiwe ukuze kuhlanganiswe ukwesekwa kwasendaweni.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zabashayeli. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona abashayeli be-open-source, okuyizinto ezivamile futhi ezivame ukufakwa ohlelweni, ezinikeza ulwazi olungenamthungo noluzinzile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona abashayeli be-proprietary noma be-closed-source. Laba bokugcina, njengalabo abavela ku-NVIDIA, babalulekile uma ufuna ukukhipha amandla aluhlaza emidlalweni, ukwenziwa kwe-3D, noma imisebenzi yobuhlakani bokwenziwa, yize ngezinye izikhathi kungalimaza ukuzinza kwezinye izindawo zehluzo njenge-Wayland.
Ukukhetha Ihadiwe: Yiziphi izingxenye okufanele uzithenge?
Uma ufuna ukugwema izinhlungu zekhanda, i-Intel iyona engcono kakhulu. Njengabanikeli abasebenzayo ku-kernel, ama-chipset abo, ama-processor, namamojula enethiwekhi ngokuvamile asebenza "ngaphandle kwebhokisi ," okusho ukuthi asekulungele ukuphuma ebhokisini ngemuva kokufaka uhlelo. Isibonelo esijwayelekile yi-Acer Aspire 5, evame ukungena ku-Fedora ngaphandle kokuthi ucindezele inkinobho eyodwa yokucushwa.
Ngokuphathelene namakhadi ehluzo, impi icacile: i-AMD Radeon ihola indlela ku-Linux ngenxa yesinyathelo se-GPUOpen. Abashayeli bayo bahlanganiswe ku-kernel, okuqinisekisa ukuhambisana okuhle kakhulu. I-NVIDIA, yize inamandla kakhulu, iyaqhubeka nendlela yayo ngabashayeli abavaliwe, okungabangela amaphutha okubona noma izinkinga zokuvimba ezindaweni ezifana ne-KDE, ngaphandle kokuthi usebenzise i-stack efanele yobunikazi bezakhiwo zakho (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yi-Pascal, i-Ada Lovelace, noma i-Blackwell).
Ukuphathwa komshayeli ngokuya ngokusatshalaliswa kwakho
Indlela yokufaka abashayeli iyahlukahluka kuye ngokusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux oyikhethile. Kuhlelo lwe-Ubuntu noma lwe-Linux Mint, impilo ilula ngenxa... Umphathi Womshayeli Owengeziweokuskena idivayisi yakho futhi kusikisele inketho engcono kakhulu. Kwabathanda kakhulu i-console, umyalo sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall Yenza umsebenzi ongcolile ngokushesha.
- Fedora: Ithembele kuma-repositories e-RPM Fusion ukufaka amaphakheji afana ne-akmod-nvidia.
- I-Arch Linux ne-Manjaro: Basebenzisa i-pacman noma indawo yokugcina umphakathi ye-AUR ukuze bafinyelele izinguqulo zakamuva zabashayeli.
- I-Debian: Inikeza isisekelo esiqinile, yize idinga ukunaka izindawo zokugcina 'ezingemahhala' zehadiwe eyimfihlo.
Umqondo obalulekile wezobuchwepheshe yi-DKMS (Dynamic Kernel Module Support). Lolu hlelo lukuvimbela ekulahlekelweni isithombe sakho ngemva kokubuyekezwa, njengoba luhlanganisa kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo amamojula omshayeli njalo lapho inguqulo ye-kernel ishintsha.
Ukuxazulula izinkinga ezivamile nezingaphandle
I-Wi-Fi ivame ukuba yindawo lapho abantu abaningi bebhajwa khona, ikakhulukazi ngama-chip e-Broadcom. Uma ubona ukuthi awekho amanethiwekhi atholakalayo, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuhlonza ingxenye nge lspci o lsusbEzimweni eziningi, ukufaka iphakheji bcmwl-kernel-source Ukuqala kabusha umphathi wenethiwekhi kuxazulula inkinga. Uma unqanyuliwe ngokuphelele ekuxhumaneni, donsa ikhebula le-Ethernet Yisisombululo esisheshayo sokulanda ama-patches adingekayo.
Ngokuphathelene nomsindo, yize i-ALSA ne-PulseAudio zanele, abasebenzisi abaningi bathuthela ku-PipeWire ukuze bathole ukuphathwa kwesimanje nokuzinzile. Ngokuphathelene namaphrinta, imikhiqizo efana ne-Canon ne-Lexmark ingaba nokuncintisana; indlela engcono kakhulu lapha ukubheka isizindalwazi se-OpenPrinting. Ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo, iseluleko silula: gwema amagundane anezinkinobho eziningi ezihlelekayo ezincike kusofthiwe ye-Windows kuphela, njengoba okhiye abayisisekelo kuphela abazosebenza ku-Linux.
Kubaphathi noma abasebenzisi abathuthukile, kunezindlela zokuxilonga ezifana nalezi dmesg ukubuyekeza amalogi esistimu noma modprobe ukuphoqa ukulayishwa kwemojuli. Ezimweni eziphuthumayo lapho umenzi engayinaki ngokuphelele i-Linux, i-Ndiswrapper ingasebenza njengebhuloho loku sebenzisa abashayeli beWindowsNoma kunjalo, akusona isisombululo esilula futhi asinconywa ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.
Ukuthola ulwazi olubushelelezi kwi-laptop ye-Linux kuncike kakhulu ekukhetheni ihadiwe ehambisanayo, okungcono i-Intel ne-AMD, kanye nokugcina uhlelo luvuselelwe. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-kernel yakamuva, ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi afana ne-DKMS, kanye nezinkundla zokubonisana ezikhethekile ezifana ne-ArchWiki kuvumela cishe noma yimuphi umshini ukuthi usebenze kahle, okuguqula lokho okubonakala sengathi kuyi-adventure engaqinisekile kube uhlelo lokusebenza oluqinile, oluphephile, nolusebenza kahle kakhulu.
