Uma udala okuqukethwe, ukusakaza, noma uqopha amavidiyo kusuka kukhompyutha yakho, izilungiselelo zekhamera zobungcweti kanye nokuqonda izinqamuleli Isibuko Sesandla sokuthwebula nokusakaza ikhamera Kwenza umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokusakaza bukhoma kwasekhaya kanye nomkhiqizo obukeka njengochwepheshe ngempela. Akukhona nje ukubukeka ukhaliphile, kodwa futhi kulawula ukuchayeka, umbala, ukugxila, kanye nendlela owethula ngayo isithombe sakho kalula njengoba ubungenza ngekhamera ephezulu.
Kulesi siqondisi sizochaza, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, konke okudingeka ukwazi ngakho izilungiselelo zekhamera, amapharamitha okudalulwa, izindlela zokugxila, umbala, kanye "namaqhinga" amancane okusebenza Lawa macebiso azokusiza ukuthi uhambe ngokushesha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uphambi kwesibuko sedijithali njengesibuko sesandla noma uphatha ikhamera yendabuko. Sizoqala ezintweni eziyisisekelo siye kokuqondile ukuze ukwazi ukuvumelanisa izilungiselelo ngayinye nohlobo lokuqukethwe okudalayo: ukusakaza bukhoma, amavidiyo ezemfundo, izithombe, ukuqoshwa ebusuku, noma izigcawu ezinokunyakaza okuningi.
Izilungiselelo eziyisisekelo zokuvezwa: i-aperture, isivinini se-shutter, kanye ne-ISO
Inhliziyo yanoma yiluphi uhlelo lochwepheshe ilele ezinsikeni ezintathu zokudalulwa: i-aperture, isivinini se-shutter kanye ne-ISOUkuqonda ukuthi zihlobene kanjani kuzokuvumela ukuthi ube nokulawula okuphelele kokukhanya, ukucaca, kanye nokubukeka kwangemuva esithombeni sakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uqopha kusuka kudeskithophu yakho noma usebenzisa ikhamera ezinikele.
Imbobo: ilawula ukujula kwensimu nokukhanya
Imbobo ichaza ukuthi likhulu kangakanani "ifasitela" lapho ukukhanya kungena khona ilensi, futhi ivezwa ngamanani anjengokuthi f/1.8, f/2.8, f/8, f/16Inombolo encane ka-f isho imbobo enkulu (ukukhanya okwengeziwe kanye nesizinda esifiphele kakhulu). Inombolo enkulu ka-f isho imbobo encane (ukukhanya okuncane kanye nengxenye enkulu yesehlakalo esigxile kuso).
Ezimweni ezinokukhanya okuphansi noma uma ufuna ukuhlukanisa into nesizinda, izimbobo ezibanzi zisebenza kahle kakhulu, nxazonke f/1.8 kuya ku-f/5.6Lokhu kuyindlela ejwayelekile yokukhetha izithombe, izithombe eziqondile lapho ufuna khona ingemuva elithambile, noma ukuqoshwa kwasebusuku. Uma udinga cishe yonke into ibe bukhali (isibonelo, isithombe esibanzi sedeski eligcwele noma indawo), funa izindawo ezincane ezifana f/8 kuya ku-f/16Abathwebuli bezithombe abaningi bezindawo basebenza kahle phakathi kwe-f/8 ne-f/11 ngoba kuyibhalansi enhle phakathi kobukhali nokujula kwensimu.
Kumakhamera amaningi athuthukile kanye nama-webcam, i-aperture ilungiswa kusuka kwenye yama-dial atholakala ku- ingxenye ephezulu kwesokudla yomzimbakungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyi-dial yangaphambili noma yangemuva. Uma usebenzisa i-Hand Mirror enekhamera ebonakalayo, uzokwenza lokhu kulungiswa kukhamera uqobo, futhi i-Hand Mirror izomane ibonise umphumela.
Isivinini sokuvala: ukunyakaza nokunyakazisa ngaphansi kokulawula
Ijubane lokuvala ubude besikhathi inzwa ehlala iqopha ukukhanya, futhi liboniswa ngemizuzwana noma izingxenyana zomzuzwana: 1/30, 1/60, 1/250, 1/4000njll. Uma isikhathi sokuchayeka side, kungena ukukhanya okuningi, kodwa futhi kulapho ingozi yokufiphala kokunyakaza iba nkulu khona. Uma isikhathi sokuchayeka sishesha, kungena ukukhanya okuncane, kodwa kulapho ikhono lokumisa isenzo liba likhulu khona.
Uma unesifiso sokuthwebula ukunyakaza okufana nemizila yamanzi akhanyayo, acwebezelayo, noma izigcawu zasebusukuUzodinga isivinini se-shutter esihamba kancane, kusukela ku-1/60 kuya kumasekhondi ambalwa noma ngisho nemizuzu. Amakhamera amaningi anqunyelwe kumasekhondi angu-30; uma udinga isikhathi esengeziwe, kuzodingeka usebenzise imodi ye-Bulb kanye nokukhishwa kwe-shutter okude. Kubantu abanjengoMilky Way, ukuvezwa kwamasekhondi angu-15 kuya kwangu-25 kuyinto evamile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ufuna ukuvala izenzo ezisheshayo (izilwane zasendle, ezemidlalo, ukushukuma okusheshayo phambi kwekhamera) kufanele usebenzise izikhathi ezimfushane, kusukela cishe 1/60 kuya ku-1/4000 ngomzuzwana, kuye ngesivinini somuntu othintekayo kanye nesivinini sesandla sakho. Futhi, i-dael yesivinini se-shutter ivame ukutholakala ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokudla, futhi kumakhamera amaningi yabelana nge-dael nezinye izilungiselelo, kuye ngemodi yokudubula oyisebenzisayo.
I-ISO: ukuzwela nomsindo wedijithali
I-ISO iyisethingi enquma ukuthi ikhamera yakho ikhulisa kangakanani ukukhanya okufinyelela ku-sensor. Khulisa i-ISO (800, 1600, 3200, 6400…)Isithombe siyakhanya, kodwa umsindo wedijithali nawo uyakhula, lokho okusanhlamvu okona imininingwane, ikakhulukazi emthunzini.
Uma kukhanya kahle, kungcono ukusebenza nge-ISO ephansi, phakathi I-100 ne-400Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthola indawo enhle yekhwalithi. Ezimweni ezinokukhanya okuphansi, ukuze ugweme ukusebenzisa njalo izimbobo ezinkulu noma isivinini se-shutter esihamba kancane, kuzodingeka ukhulise i-ISO, ngokuvamile ehlose cishe Amakhamera asezingeni lokuqala angu-800-3200 ngisho nabanye Amamodeli angu-6400 athuthukile kakhuluNgale kwalawo manani, kuzodingeka uhlole ukuthi izinga lomsindo liyamukeleka yini ekusebenziseni kwakho.
Inkinobho noma imenyu ye-ISO iyahlukahluka kakhulu kumkhiqizi oyedwa kuya komunye, yize amakhamera amaningi efaka eyodwa. inkinobho yesinqamuleli noma ukufinyelela okusheshayoUma ungayitholi ngokushesha, incwadi yemiyalelo yemodeli yakho ingumngane wakho omkhulu. Futhi, uma usebenzisa ikhamera nge-Hand Mirror, lolu hlelo lokusebenza luzobonisa kuphela isignali esivele icutshungulwe yizilungiselelo ozilungiselela lapha.
Izindlela zokudubula nokulinganisa: zenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokwanele ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukulawula
Uma usuwazi kahle amapharamitha amathathu ayisisekelo, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukunquma ukuthi ufuna ikhamera iwahlanganise kanjani. izindlela zokudubula nezindlela zokulinganisa Yibo abanquma ukuthi ubani owenza izinqumo: wena noma okuzenzakalelayo kwekhamera. Uma zisetshenziswa kahle, zenza impilo ibe lula kakhulu lapho ziqopha ividiyo noma zithatha izithombe ezimweni ezishintshayo.
Izindlela zekhamera: ngesandla kanye nezinto eziza kuqala
Izindlela zekhamera ziyizinqamuleli zokunquma ukuthi ubani olawula i-aperture, isivinini se-shutter, kanye ne-ISO. Esikrinini esiphezulu, uzothola izinketho ezifana P, S/TV, A/Av kanye ne-MNgayinye ifaneleka kangcono uhlobo oluthile lwesigcawu noma izinga lakho lokuzethemba ekubhekaneni nokuvezwa.
Imodi yohlelo (P) ivumela ikhamera ukuthi ikhethe ngokuzenzakalelayo i-aperture kanye nesivinini se-shutter, kuyilapho ungakwazi ukulungisa amanye amapharamitha. Kuyisinqumo esilula kubaqalayo noma kubasebenzisi abanolwazi oluthe xaxa. izigcawu eziyinkimbinkimbi lapho kunzima ukunquma khona ngemingcele esheshayoUma usukhululekile ngakho, cishe uzofuna ukuqhubekela kumamodi athile.
Kumodi yokubeka phambili i-shutter (S noma i-TV), usetha isivinini se-shutter bese ikhamera ikhetha i-aperture efanele. Kuphelele uma wazi isivinini se-shutter esincane osidingayo. qandisa into ehambayo: izinyoni ezindizayo, ezemidlalo, ezimotweni noma ngisho nalapho ziqopha endizeni encane.
I-Aperture priority (A noma Av) ikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe i-aperture oyifunayo futhi ivumela ikhamera ukuthi ilawule isivinini se-shutter. Kuyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ku izithombe ze-portrait, landscape kanye nezilwane zasendleNgoba ugxila ekujuleni kwensimu (isizinda esigxile kakhulu noma esincane) bese uvumela ikhamera ukuthi ilinganisele okunye.
Imodi yesandla (M) iyona ebanzi kakhulu: unquma i-aperture, isivinini se-shutter, kanye ne-ISO. Yimodi ekhethwayo ye izimo ezilawulwayo nezidinga amandla njengezindawo ezizungezile, ukudalulwa isikhathi eside, i-Milky Way, ama-panorama, noma i-astrophotography ngokujwayelekile. Abathwebuli bezithombe abaningi bayisebenzisa isikhathi esiningi ngoba inikeza ukuvumelana kanye nokulawula okuphelele komphumela wokugcina.
Ukuze ushintshe imodi yekhamera, vele ujikeleze isondo lemodi elitholakala phezulu komzimba. Uma uzodala okuqukethwe njalo, kufanelekile ukuzijwayeza ngamasu okuvula ngesandla noma aqalwa kuqala, ngoba lawo azokunikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu.
Izindlela zokulinganisa ukukhanya: indlela imitha yokuchayeka "ecabanga ngayo"
Imodi yokulinganisa yindlela ikhamera ehlaziya ngayo ukukhanya endaweni yesehlakalo ukuze inqume noma imise ukuvezwa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthwebula ngemodi ezenzakalelayo, ezenzakalelayo, noma esetshenziswa ngesandla, inani lokuchayeka (i-EV) kanye neziphakamiso zemitha Zincike kulokhu kulungiselelwa.
Kunezinketho ezintathu eziyinhloko zokulinganisa cishe kuwo wonke amamodeli: ukulinganisa kwe-matrix (noma okuhlolayo), ukulinganisa okunesisindo esiphakathi, kanye nokulinganisa amabala. Ukulinganisa kwe-matrix kuhlukanisa uhlaka ngezindawo ezahlukene futhi kuhlaziya inani lokukhanya kulelo nalelo ukuze kuphakanyiswe ukuvezwa okulinganiselayo. Yiyo imodi ezenzakalelayo eguquguqukayo kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile isebenza kahle ezimweni eziningi, kokubili ezithombeni namavidiyo.
Ukulinganisa okunesisindo esiphakathi kunikeza isisindo esengeziwe endaweni ephakathi yohlaka. Lokhu kuyasiza uma isihloko sakho esiyinhloko siphakathi nendawo, isibonelo, ku izithombe zakudala noma izilwane lapho umlingiswa oyinhloko ethatha ingxenye ephakathiNgakho-ke, ikhamera ayikhohliswa kalula yizizinda ezikhanyayo noma ezimnyama kakhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukulinganisa amabala kubheka indawo encane kakhulu, ngokuvamile iphuzu lokugxila. Kuhle kakhulu uma into incane ohlakeni (inyoni ekude, amehlo aseduze kakhulu, noma inyanga ibhekene nesibhakabhaka esimnyama) futhi udinga ukwenza kanjalo. leyo ndawo encane ivezwe kahle, yize okunye kungase kube sobala noma kube mnyama.
Empeleni, abathwebuli bezithombe abaningi banamathela kakhulu ekulinganiseni i-matrix futhi bashintshela ekulinganiseni indawo kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile, njengalapho bethwebula izithombe zenyanga noma imininingwane ekhanyayo kakhulu. Ushintsho lwemodi yokukala luvame ukwenziwa kusukela... inkinobho yemenyu eyinhloko noma imisebenzi esheshayo, futhi amanye amamodeli asezingeni eliphezulu afaka inkinobho ezinikele.
Isinxephezelo sokuvezwa: silungisa ukufundwa kwekhamera
Kanye nokulinganisa, isinxephezelo sokuchayeka yi-dial yakho yokulungisa kahle. Ikuvumela ukuthi utshele ikhamera ukuthi ufuna uhlobo luni lwesithombe. ukukhanya okuncane (+EV) noma okumnyama (−EV) ngalokho imitha yokuchayeka ebheka njengokungathathi hlangothi.
Leli thuluzi lisebenza kuphela ngezindlela ezizenzakalelayo nezizenzakalelayo, lapho ikhamera inquma khona ingxenye yokuvezwa. Liwusizo ikakhulukazi ezigcawini ezine ukuqhathanisa okunamandla kakhulu, njengezindawo ezineqhwa, ukukhanya kwangemuva, noma izizinda ezikhanyayo kakhulu ezikhohlisa imitha futhi zivame ukwenza isithombe sibe mnyama.
Isinxephezelo sokudalulwa sivame ukulungiswa ngenkinobho encane enophawu oluthi “+/-” kanye ukuphendula enye yama-dialEzinye izitho zekhamera zinesondo elikhethekile lalokhu kulawula, okuyinto elula kakhulu uma uqopha usesendleleni.
Ukugxila kanye nezindawo zokugxila: ubukhali lapho kubalulekile khona
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukukhanya kuhle kangakanani, uma i-focus icishiwe, i-shot izokonakala. Yazi ukuthi uzoyisebenzisa nini. ukugxila ngesandla, ukugxila okuzenzakalelayo okuqhubekayo, noma ukugxila okuzenzakalelayo okukodwa Kwenza umehluko phakathi kokudubula kochwepheshe kanye nokubukeka kungagxilile ngamabomu.
Izindlela zokugxila: eyodwa noma eqhubekayo
Amakhamera amaningi anezinhlelo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokugxila: ukugxila ngesandla (M) kanye nokugxila okuzenzakalelayo (AF). Ngaphakathi kwe-AF, izindlela ezivame kakhulu yilezi: I-AF-S noma i-One-Shot (indlela ehlukile) kanye I-AF-C noma i-AI-Servo (ukugxila okuqhubekayo), yize uhlobo ngalunye lusebenzisa amagama alo.
I-One-Shot autofocus (AF-S) ivala ibanga lokugxila uma ucindezela inkinobho yokucisha uhhafu. Uma into inyakaza ngemva kwalokho, ikhamera ngeke iphinde igxile. Yindlela efanelekile yokugxilisa ingqondo izihloko ezingaguquki njengezindawo, izakhiwo, izinto eziphilayo ezinganyakazi noma izithombe lapho imodeli ihlala inganyakazi khona.
I-autofocus eqhubekayo (AF-C / AI-Servo) ilandelela isihloko njengoba sihamba ngaphakathi kohlaka, ilungisa ibanga ngesikhathi sangempela. Ilungele kahle izigcawu zesenzo, izilwane zasendle, ezemidlalo noma izithombe zasemgwaqweni, ngisho nokuqopha ividiyo nabantu abangenayo nabaphumayo ohlakeni.
Ukushintsha phakathi kokugxila ngesandla kanye nokugxila okuzenzakalelayo, kanye naphakathi kwezindlela ezahlukene ze-AF, kungenziwa kusukela ku- isikhethi emzimbeni wekhamera, kulensi, noma kumenyuKuye ngemodeli. Amakhamera asezingeni lokuqala ngokuvamile anamamenyu, kuyilapho izinhlangano zobungcweti zinezinkinobho eziqondile noma ezingenziwa ngezifiso.
Izindawo zokugxila: iphuzu elilodwa, eliguqukayo, noma elizenzakalelayo
Ngaphezu kwemodi ye-AF, kufanele ukhethe indawo yohlaka ezosetshenziswa yikhamera ukubala ubukhali. Yilapho-ke izindawo okugxilwe kuzookunquma ukuthi usebenza ngephuzu elilodwa, iqembu eliguquguqukayo, noma ukukhetha okuzenzakalelayo ngokuphelele.
I-AF enephuzu elilodwa (noma i-AF esetshenziswa ngesandla) ikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe ngqo lapho ufuna ukugxila khona. Yindlela enembile kakhulu Izindawo, izithombe ezithathwe ngokucophelela emehlweni, izithombe ezinkulu, kanye nezakhiwoKulezi zimo, indawo eqondile yendiza egxile kuyo ibalulekile.
I-Dynamic AF (noma ukunwetshwa kwephuzu le-AF) kuqala endaweni oyikhethayo, kodwa ivumela ikhamera ukuthi isebenzise amaphuzu aseduze uma into inyakaza kancane. Kuyisinqumo esinconywayo salokhu izilwane zasendle, ezemidlalo, kanye nezithombe zasemgwaqweni, njengoba inikeza ibhalansi enhle phakathi kokulawula nokuguquguquka.
Indawo ye-Auto AF (noma ukukhetha iphuzu le-auto AF) ivumela ikhamera ukuthi inqume ukuthi yiziphi izakhi okufanele igxile kuzo, ngokuvamile ibeka phambili izihloko eziseduze noma ubuso obutholiwe. Kuyimodi ewusizo uma Awufuni ukwenza izinto zibe nzima, futhi indaba icacile futhi inkulu.nakuba kungase kungaphumeleli ezigcawini ezimatasa kakhulu.
Amakhamera esimanje aphinde abe ne-Eye AF, ebona futhi igxile emehlweni omuntu othintekayo. Kungumsebenzi obalulekile we- abasakazi, izingcingo zevidiyo, kanye nabadali bokuqukethwe abasebenza njalo eduze futhi abadinga ukubukisisa ukuze bahlale bephelele.
Ibhalansi emhlophe nombala: okwenza imibala ibukeke ingokwemvelo
Ibhalansi emhlophe iyilungiselelo eliqinisekisa ukuthi imibala esesigcawini sakho ibukeka ingokoqobo, ngaphandle kokukhanya kwegumbi okwenza konke kufudumele kakhulu (okuphuzi) noma kupholile kakhulu (okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Ukulawula kubalulekile... Ungavumeli isikhumba sakho nendawo okuyo kugcine kunezimpawu ezingavamile eziveleleikakhulukazi uma uxuba izibani zokushisa ezahlukene.
Kuyini ibhalansi emhlophe futhi ikalwa kanjani?
Ibhalansi emhlophe ihlanganisa umbala womthombo wokukhanya ukuze lokho okufanele kubonakale kungathathi hlangothi (isibonelo, iphepha elimhlophe) kubonakale kumhlophe esithombeni. Isisekelo sayo sobuchwepheshe... izinga lokushisa lombala, elilinganiswa ngo-Kelvin (K)Amanani aphansi (cishe angu-3000 K) ahlotshaniswa nezibani ezifudumele. Amanani aphezulu (8000 K noma ngaphezulu) amelela izibani ezipholile.
Ekhamera uvame ukuba nezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko: Ibhalansi emhlophe ezenzakalelayo (i-AWB), izilungiselelo ezilungiselelwe kusengaphambili noma ezichazwe kusengaphambili, kanye nokulungiswa ngesandlaNgayinye inezinzuzo zayo, kuye ngokuthi ukukhanya okusesigcawini sakho kuzinzile noma kungashintshashintsha kangakanani.
Izindlela zebhalansi emhlophe: okuzenzakalelayo, okusethwe kusengaphambili, kanye nokusetshenziswa ngesandla
I-AWB (Auto White Balance) izama ukuqagela ngokuzenzakalelayo izinga lokushisa elifanele. Ezindaweni eziningi, isebenza kahle kakhulu, ngakho-ke Iningi labasebenzisi liyigcina ivuliwe ngokuzenzakalelayo.Noma kunjalo, kungadidaniswa nokukhanya okuxubile noma izigcawu ezivelele kakhulu (zonke ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, zonke ziphuzi, njll.).
Amasethingi alungiselelwe kusengaphambili (i-tungsten, i-fluorescent, amafu, umthunzi, ukukhanya kwelanga, njll.) ayizilungiselelo ezenzelwe izinhlobo ezithile zokukhanya. Ziwusizo uma Usebenza endaweni enomthombo wokukhanya oyinhloko futhi ozinzile, njengegumbi elinohlobo olulodwa lwesibani noma isethi enezibani ezikhanyayo ezingaguquki.
Ukulungiswa ngesandla kukuvumela ukuthi usethe inani elithile le-Kelvin noma udale iphrofayili yangokwezifiso usebenzisa ikhadi elimpunga noma isici esimhlophe esingathathi hlangothi njengesithenjwa. Kuyindlela ekhethwayo ku Izithombe zasebusuku, ama-panorama, izithombe zomkhiqizo, kanye nomsebenzi lapho ukuthembeka kombala kubaluleke kakhuluKuwusizo kakhulu futhi uma udala okuqukethwe kobungcweti okudingeka kugcinwe ubuhle bombala obuhambisanayo kusukela kuvidiyo kuya kuvidiyo.
Uma uthwebula ngefomethi ye-RAW, ungalungisa ibhalansi emhlophe ekucutshungulweni kwangemuva ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yikhwalithi, ngoba ulwazi lombala lugcinwe ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe ikhamera isethwe ku-AWB, uzohlala unokuguquguquka okuthile ekucutshungulweni kwangemuva.
Ifomethi yefayela, izindlela zokudubula, nezinye izilungiselelo eziyinhloko
Ngaphezu kokuchayeka, ukugxila, kanye nombala, kunezilungiselelo eziningana ezithinta ngqo ikhwalithi yokugcina yefayela, izinga lokudubula, kanye nokuziphatha kwekhamera ezimweni ezahlukene. Ukuzilungisa kubalulekile ukuze uthole okuningi emishinini yakho.
Ifomethi yefayela: RAW vs. JPEG
Ifomethi yefayela ingenye yalezo zinhlaka ozihlelayo kanye bese uzikhohlwa, kodwa inethonya elikhulu kulokho ongakwenza ngezithombe zakho kamuva. Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, okuhle kakhulu ukusebenza ku-RAWngoba le fomethi igcina ulwazi oluningi kakhulu kune-JPEG.
Amanye amakhamera akuvumela ukuthi ukhethe phakathi kwe-RAW ecindezelwe nengacindezelwe. Uma ukucindezela kungenakulahlekelwa, okusho ukuthi akunciphisi ikhwalithi, kufanelekile ukukusebenzisa. gcina isikhala ekhadiniUma ukucindezelwa kuhilela ukulahlekelwa, kungcono ukugcina ifayela le-RAW lingacindezelwanga uma ufuna ikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emsebenzini wobungcweti.
Uma wazi ukuthi ngeke uhlele izithombe zakho kakhulu, ungakhetha ukuzithatha RAW+JPEGUma ucabanga ukuthi uzogcwalisa amakhadi ngokushesha. Ukulungiselelwa kohlobo lwefayela kuvame ukutholakala kumenyu yokuthwebula noma yekhwalithi yesithombe, futhi kwamanye amamodeli athuthukile kungashintshwa kusetshenziswa inkinobho enikezelwe.
Amamodi Okushayela: i-single shot, i-burst, kanye ne-timer
Izindlela zokudubula zichaza ukuthi ikhamera ithatha izithombe kangaki uma ucindezela inkinobho yokushutha. isithombe esisodwa ngokucindezela ngakunye Futhi kuyindlela ejwayelekile yezimo eziningi zansuku zonke, kusukela ekuthathweni kwezithombe ezithule kuya ekuthathweni kwezithombe zomkhiqizo.
Ukudubula okuqhubekayo noma okuqhumile kuthwebula izithombe eziningana ngokulandelana okusheshayo ngenkathi ucindezela inkinobho. Kuye ngemodeli, ungakhetha phakathi ukuqhuma okuhamba kancane nokusheshayoKubalulekile ezilwaneni zasendle, ezemidlalo, ezigcawini zesenzo ngisho nasekuthwebuleni imidwebo yemvelo ezithombeni, njengoba ikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe uhlaka olufanele kakhulu ngemva kwalokho.
Isibali sikhathi esizisebenzelayo (ukubambezeleka kwe-shutter) sivula i-shutter imizuzwana embalwa ngemva kokucindezela inkinobho, ngezinketho ezijwayelekile zemizuzwana emi-2, emi-5, noma eyi-10. Iwusizo kakhulu uma usebenza ne-tripod futhi ufuna gwema ukudlidliza lapho ucindezela inkinobhoikakhulukazi lapho ubonakala isikhathi eside ebusuku noma ezindaweni ezizungezile, kanye nasezithonjeni ze-selfie noma izithombe zakho lapho udinga isikhathi sokuzibeka khona.
Kumakhamera e-SLR, imodi yokukhiya isibuko iphakamisa isibuko ngaphambi kokudubula ukuze kuncishiswe ukudlidliza kwangaphakathi, into ebalulekile ku isivinini se-shutter esihamba kancane (esihamba kancane kune-1/60) uma ikhamera ikwi-tripod. Zonke lezi zindlela zilungiswa kusuka kumenyu noma kusuka endaweni yokufinyelela esheshayo, kuye ngemodeli.
Ukunciphisa umsindo ngenxa yokuvezwa isikhathi eside kanye ne-ISO ephezulu
Cishe wonke amakhamera anezici ezimbili zokunciphisa umsindo: eyodwa eyenzelwe ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kanti enye inenani eliphezulu kakhulu le-ISO. Zombili zisebenzisa ukucubungula kwangaphakathi ukuhlanza izindawo ezishisayo kanye nokusanhlamvu, kodwa zinezici ezibalulekile.
Ukunciphisa umsindo wokuvezwa isikhathi eside kuthatha isithombe sesibili "esimnyama" esinobude obufanayo nobokuvezwa kokuqala bese kusisebenzisa ukuhlonza umsindo namaphikseli anephutha. Ububi busobala: ngenkathi le nqubo isebenza Awusakwazi ukuthatha ezinye izithombeUma usuthathe i-Milky Way imizuzwana engama-30, ikhamera izothatha eminye imizuzwana engama-30 ukucubungula ifayela, ishiye idivayisi ikhiyiwe umzuzu.
Ngenxa yaleso sizathu abaningi bezithombe bakhetha khubaza lokhu kunciphisa umsindo futhi uhlanze ngesikhathi sokuhlela ngesofthiwe ekhethekile, njenge-denoise plugins ye-Photoshop noma i-Lightroom. Unendlela yokulawula ethe xaxa, ugwema isikhathi sokungasebenzi, futhi ngokuvamile uthola imiphumela engcono.
Ukunciphisa umsindo we-ISO ephezulu kusebenza kuphela kumafayela e-JPEG. Uma usebenza ku-RAW (njengoba kunconywa ukuvumela ukuguquguquka kokuhlela), lokhu kucubungula ngeke kuthinte ifayela eliyinhloko, ngakho-ke ungakwazi khubaza le nketho ngokuthula bese ulawula umsindo ngokwakho kamuva.
Isikhala sombala: sRGB noma i-Adobe RGB
Isikhala sombala sichaza ukuthi imiphi imibala ikhamera yakho engayiqopha futhi iyibonise. Emibili evame kakhulu yilena i-sRGB ne-Adobe RGBEyokuqala iyindinganiso ebanzi kakhulu ezikrinini, ezipheqululini, nakumadivayisi amaningi. Eyesibili ihlanganisa ububanzi obubanzi, ikakhulukazi ngemibala eluhlaza kanye ne-cyan.
Ukuze kusetshenziswe kakhulu kuwebhu, ekusakazeni, kanye nokuqukethwe kwedijithali, I-sRGB iyisinqumo esiphephile kakhuluI-Adobe RGB inciphisa izinkinga zokuhambisana kanye nokushintshashintsha kombala okungavamile lapho kushicilelwa. Nakuba i-Adobe RGB ingaba usizo uma uphrinta ngekhwalithi ephezulu futhi unomsebenzi wokuphatha leso sikhala sombala, amadivayisi amaningi awakhiqizi ngokugcwele i-gamut yayo.
Uma uthwebula nge-RAW, isikhala sombala sekhamera asibalulekile kangako ngoba singakhethwa noma siguqulwe ngesikhathi sokuhlela. Noma kunjalo, kusengumqondo omuhle ukuqaphela lokhu ukuze ugweme ukumangala lapho ubuka izithombe ezinkundleni ezahlukene.
Ukuzinza kwesithombe kanye ne-HDR/DRO
Ukuzinza kwesithombe okwakhelwe ngaphakathi kwekhamera noma ilensi kukuvumela ukuthi uthwebule isivinini sokuvala esihamba kancane uma uthwebula ngesandla ngaphandle kwezithombe ezifiphele ezibangelwa izandla eziqhaqhazelayo. Kungumsizi ophelele lapho uqopha kusuka kudeskithophu yakho, wenza ama-vlog okuhambahamba, noma uthatha izithombe ngaphakathi ekukhanyeni okuphansi.
Uma uthwebula ngesandla, kungcono ukugcina ukuzinza kwesithombe kuvuliwe ngaphandle kokuthi udinga isivinini se-shutter esisheshayo kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma usebenza nge-tripod noma enye indawo eqinile, kubalulekile... khubaza ukuzinza ukuvimbela uhlelo ngokwalo ekukhiqizeni ukulungiswa okuncane okubangela izithombe ezingacacile kahle.
Ngokuphathelene nezindlela ze-HDR/DRO (i-Dynamic Range Optimizer nezinye ezifanayo), inhloso yazo ukwandisa ububanzi besithombe ngokuhlanganisa ukudalulwa okuhlukile noma ngokuphakamisa izithunzi nokwehlisa amaphuzu avelele ngqo kukhamera. Nakuba zizwakala zinhle ngokwethiyori, iqiniso liwukuthi Amakhamera awakwazi ukufeza i-HDR yemvelo njengalokho ongakudala ekuhleleni. ngesofthiwe ethile. Yingakho abathwebuli bezithombe abaningi bekhetha ukukhubaza lezi zindlela ezizenzakalelayo futhi basebenze ngebanga eliguquguqukayo kamuva ngokulawula okukhulu.
Ukuqonda kahle zonke lezi zilungiselelo—kusukela kumodi yokuvuleka kanye neyokulinganisa kuya kumodi yokugxila, ibhalansi emhlophe, ifomethi yefayela, ukunciphisa umsindo, isikhala sombala, kanye nokuzinza—kukuvumela ukuthi uphathe ikhamera yakho (futhi ngokwengeziwe, noma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza olufana ne-Hand Mirror) njengethuluzi lobuchwepheshe langempela. Uma usuqonda ukuthi idayari ngayinye nemenyu kwenzani, ukulungisa isithombe ukuze sihambisane nombono wakho akube yinto yenhlanhla futhi kuba yindaba yekhono. isinqumo esiqondile kuzo zonke izigcawu, kuzo zonke izithombe, nakuyo yonke ividiyo.