Uma "ungumuntu we-IT yomndeni" noma ucabanga ukuthola imali eyengeziwe ukulungisa amakhompyutha endaweni yakini, ukwazi kahle ukuthi yimaphi amathuluzi abalulekile kwenza umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokuphila nokusebenza njengochwepheshe. Akukhona nje ukuba ne-screwdriver eseduze, kodwa mayelana nokuhlanganisa ikhithi enakho konke okudingayo ukuze uxilonge, ulungise, uhlanze, futhi wenze noma iyiphi i-PC isebenze kahle, ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
Kuwo wonke lo mhlahlandlela, uzothola iqoqo eliphelele lamathuluzi ehadiwe, isofthiwe, izinto ezisetshenziswayo, kanye nemikhuba emihle kakhulu yokuxilonga nokulungisa ikhompyutha. Konke kuchazwa ngolimi olucacile nolufinyelelekayo, kufaka phakathi izindlela ezisetshenziswa ochwepheshe basensimini, ochwepheshe bokulungisa, kanye nabantu abanolwazi oluthuthukisiwe, ukuze ukwazi ukwakha i-arsenal yakho ngaphandle kokuphuthelwa yilutho olubalulekile.
Isisekelo sayo yonke into: isimo sengqondo, ukuzethemba, kanye nendlela yokwenza izinto
Ngaphambi kokuba sikhulume ngama-screwdriver nezinhlelo zomlingo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi elinye "lamathuluzi" abaluleke kakhulu ukubekezela kanye nokuziphatha okuhle kokusebenza . Ukulungisa ikhompyutha akukhona nje ukuqinisa izikulufo ezimbalwa bese uyibiza ngosuku: ngezinye izikhathi kuhilela amahora amaningi okuhlola, ukuhlakaza ingxenye yekhompyutha, noma ukususa amaphutha amaningana angenzeka uze uthole imbangela yangempela.
Kuvamile, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni, ukuthi izinto zingahambi kahle okokuqala : i-PC engayivuli, ibhodi lomama elikhala njalo, uhlelo olungayivuli kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzekani, ngisho noma lubhajwe ku- automatic repair loop … Isihluthulelo lapha ukuhlala uzolile, uhambe igxathu negxathu, futhi uthembele kokubili kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kanye nalo lonke ulwazi olutholakalayo: izincwadi zokwazisa zabakhiqizi, amaforamu, amavidiyo, kanye nezifundo.
Esinye isici abaningi abangasinaki ukuphepha kukagesi nokumelana nokushintshashintsha . Ukusebenza ne-PC exhunyiwe, ukuthinta izingxenye ngaphandle kokukhipha ugesi ongashintshi, noma ukufaka amathuluzi ensimbi lapho kungafanele khona kungabangela ukwesaba noma, okubi nakakhulu, ingxenye ethosiwe. Ukuze unciphise izingozi, sebenzisa ibhande lesihlakala elingashintshi, sebenza endaweni efanele (ukhuni noma ipulasitiki), bese uhlola nge-voltage detector noma i-multimeter ukuthi akukho ugesi ongashintshi kunoma yini ozoyisingatha.
Ungakhohlwa ukwenza isipele sedatha yakho ngenkathi ikhompyutha yakho isaqala ukusebenza. Ngaphambi kokwenza noma yini engathi sÃna, yenza isipele semibhalo ebalulekile kudrayivu yangaphandle noma efwini noma nini lapho kungenzeka. "Ukwehluleka" okuningi okubonakala kuhlobene nehadiwe kuphenduka i-hard drive ehlulekayo... futhi uma ungenayo i-backup, uzoba nezinkinga ezinkulu.
Amathuluzi abalulekile ehadiwe
Ngaphandle kwesethi enhle yamathuluzi aphathekayo, akunakwenzeka ukwenza ukulungiswa noma ukulungiswa okufanele. Umqondo awukhona ukugcwalisa indlu yakho ngamathuluzi ongasoze wawasebenzisa, kodwa ukuba nekhithi eguquguqukayo nekhethiwe kahle ezokusebenzela kahle ekhaya nasemisebenzini yasendaweni.
Ama-screwdriver: umongo wekesi
Inkosi yokunakekelwa kwe-PC yi- screwdriver ye-Phillips . Cishe zonke izikulufo ezisemabhokisini, amabhodi e-motherboard, izinto zikagesi, kanye nama-heatsink zalolu hlobo, ngakho-ke udinga okungenani eyodwa yekhwalithi enhle, enomgodi omude ukuze ifinyelele izikhala eziqinile, futhi uma kungenzeka, ithiphu elinobuthi ukuze izikulufo zingaphumi futhi zilahleke ngaphakathi kwebhokisi.
Kunconywa kakhulu ukuthola isethi yama-screwdriver anezingcezu ezishintshaniswayo : i-Phillips, i-flathead, i-Torx, i-Allen, kanye nosayizi omncane wama-laptop, amafoni eselula, noma ama-hard drive angaphandle. Ngesibambo esisodwa nama-bits amaningana, uzokwazi ukubhekana nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesikulufu ohlangana naso.
Nakuba ama-PC engavamile ukusebenzisa izikulufo ze-flathead, i -screwdriver encane ye-flathead iwusizo kakhulu emisebenzini engabonakali kalula: ukuqondisa amaphini agobile, ukuvula ibhokisi ngobumnene, ukufaka isixhumi esiqinile, noma ukusindisa isikulufo esifihliwe. Uma futhi sinamandla kanokusho, kungcono nakakhulu.
Uma udinga njalo ukuhlanganisa noma ukuhlakaza izinhlelo zonke, isikulufu sikagesi esishajwayo sikongela isikhathi esiningi nomzamo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukusisebenzisa ngokucophelela bese uqedela ukujika okumbalwa kokugcina ngesandla ukuze ugweme ukukhumula izintambo noma ukulimaza izikulufu ezithambile.
Amathuluzi okusika nokubopha
Ngaphakathi kwikhompyutha, kuzodingeka futhi usike, ubambe, noma uphathe izingxenye ezincane , ngakho-ke uzodinga okungaphezu nje kwezikulufo. Ummese wokusebenza wekhwalithi enhle uwusizo ekuvuleni amaphakheji, ukusika izintambo zekhebula ezingeziwe, noma ukusebenza ngepulasitiki, kanye nezintambo zokusika eziqondile (uhlobo olusetshenziswa ngogesi) zilungele ukusika izintambo, zishiya izintambo zekhebula zibushelelezi, futhi zigweme imiphetho ebukhali engabamba.
Ama-tweezers anekhala lenaliti acishe afane ne-scalpel yochwepheshe: akuvumela ukuthi ubambe izikulufo eziwele emakhoneni angenakwenzeka, ubeke ama-jumper noma izixhumi ezincane ngaphandle kokufinyelela isandla sakho sonke, noma ubambe izintambo lapho wenza umsebenzi obucayi we-DIY. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-pliers akhiyayo asiza ukukhulula izikulufo ezonakele noma ukubamba izingxenye ngokuqinile ngenkathi usebenza.
Izibopho zekhebula, nakuba zishibhile futhi zilula, ziyisihluthulelo sokuphathwa kahle kwekhebula ngaphakathi kwesikhwama se-PC yakho. Ukuba nesikhwama esincane sezibopho zekhebula ze-nylon ezinobude obuhlukahlukene kukuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise izintambo ezingeziwe, uthuthukise ukuhamba komoya, futhi ugcine ingaphakathi libukeka lihlanzekile futhi lichwepheshile.
Izesekeli zokuhlanza ngokomzimba
Ukungcola nothuli kubangela izinkinga eziningi kunalokho ongakucabanga, ngakho-ke kungumqondo omuhle ukuba nekhithi encane yokuhlanza eduze. Indwangu ye-microfiber ilungele ukuhlanza i-chassis, ingilazi ethambile, isikrini, nezinye izindawo ngaphandle kokuziklwebha noma ukushiya i-lint.
Ukuze uhlanze ingaphakathi le-PC yakho, umoya ocindezelwe uyasindisa impilo , noma uma ufuna ukuya phambili, umshini wokuphefumula kagesi. Lawa madivayisi akuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe uthuli kuma-heatsink, izinsiza zikagesi, ama-vents, kanye namakhona okunzima ukuwafinyelela ngaphandle kokuthinta ngqo izingxenye. Kunconywa ukugqoka imaski bese uqinisa amafeni ukuze uwavimbele ukuthi ajikeleze kakhulu lapho kuqhuma umoya.
Ibhulashi elithambile noma ibhulashi lokupenda lihambisana nomoya ocindezelwe wokuhlanza izindawo ezithile noma izingxenye ezibucayi, lihlala liqaphela ukuthi alidonsi noma libambe noma yini. Futhi, nakuba kungase kuzwakale kungavamile, irabha emhlophe ecacile isebenza kahle ekuhlanzeni oxhumana nabo kumamojula e-RAM noma amakhadi e-PCI, isusa ukugqwala noma ukungcola okungabangela ukuthintana ngezikhathi ezithile.
Amathuluzi okuvikela kanye nokuvikela
Izingxenye zangaphakathi ze-PC, ikakhulukazi i-motherboard, i-RAM, kanye ne-GPU, zizwela kakhulu ekukhishweni kwe-electrostatic. Ukuze unciphise izingozi, kunconywa kakhulu ukusebenzisa ibhande lesihlakala elingasebenzi elixhunywe phansi, elizokhipha umzimba wakho ngaphambi kokuthi uthinte noma yini ebucayi.
Uma usebenza etafuleni lensimbi noma endaweni enezinto eziningi ezihambisa umoya, ungasebenzisa umata noma iphedi elivikela ukuguquguquka ukuze ubeke izingxenye lapho uzisebenzisa. Abanye ochwepheshe basebenzisa amagilavu ​​​​okuvikela ukufudumala noma amagilavu ​​​​e-latex ukuze bagweme ukuthintana ngqo nesikhumba.
Ensimini kagesi, i -voltage detector isiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhebula noma isokhethi liphelelwe amandla ngempela ngaphambi kokuthi uzame ukuyilungisa. Futhi i-multimeter yedijithali (ngisho neyisisekelo) izokuvumela ukuthi ulinganise ama-voltage, uhlole ukuqhubeka kwawo, futhi unqume ukuthi kukhona amaphutha kagesi noma amaphutha ekhebula ngokunemba okukhulu.
Amathuluzi athile amanethiwekhi nokuxhumana
Uma, ngaphezu kokulungisa amakhompyutha, ufaka noma uxilonga amanethiwekhi , ikhithi encane yamathuluzi ekhebula iyasiza: ithuluzi lokugoqa izixhumi ze-RJ45, izihlikihli zezintambo, izisiki zezintambo, kanye, uma kungenzeka, izipikili zokushaya zesokhethi zodonga. Amakhithi amaningi afaka nesihloli sekhebula ukuhlola ukuthi ikhebula ngalinye lenethiwekhi ligoqekile kahle.
Kuma-workshop noma ama-workbench ahleliwe, i -KVM switch (ikhibhodi, ividiyo, negundane) ilula kakhulu: nge-monitor eyodwa, ikhibhodi, negundane, ungalawula ama-PC amaningi okuhlola ngaphandle kokusetha nokususa izinto ezisetshenziswayo isikhathi ngasinye. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, konga isikhathi esiningi nesikhala.
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nemikhiqizo yokulungisa
Ngaphandle kwamathuluzi angasetshenziswa kabusha, emhlabeni wokulungisa amakhompyutha kunemikhiqizo eminingi esetshenziswayo ozoyisebenzisa kaninginingi: i-thermal paste, i-isopropyl alcohol, amatheyipu kagesi esimanje, njll. Ashibhile futhi enza umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokulungisa okusheshayo nokulungisa okubushelelezi nokuhlala isikhathi eside.
Ukunamathisela okushisa kuyimpoqo noma nini lapho ususa noma ushintsha i-CPU cooler (futhi ezimweni eziningi, ne-GPU cooler). Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-paste yekhwalithi enhle, usebenzise inani elifanele ukuze isakazeke ngokulinganayo lapho ufaka i-cooler, futhi ugweme noma yikuphi ukweqisa okungase kuchithekele emaceleni. Ukunamathisela okuningi kakhulu kungenza kube kubi kakhulu ukuqhutshwa kokushisa futhi kubangele nezinkinga uma i-paste iqhuba.
Ekuhlanzeni i-paste endala, uthuli oluqinile, noma ezinye izinsalela, akukho okudlula i-isopropyl alcohol ehlanzekile kakhulu (90% noma ngaphezulu). Iyahwamuka ngokushesha, ayishiyi zinsalela, futhi iphephile kuma-elekthronikhi uma isetshenziswa kancane. Ilungele izindawo zensimbi, ingilazi, kanye nepulasitiki eqinile.
Ngaphandle kwetheyiphu kagesi yendabuko, izixazululo ezifana netheyiphu kagesi ewuketshezi kanye ne-silicone enokubunjwa eningi ziya ngokuya zithandwa. Itheyiphu yoketshezi ivumela ukufakelwa okufana kakhulu nokuqinile kanye nokuvalwa kwezixhumanisi zikagesi, kuyilapho i-silicone ingasiza ekulungiseni ama-sheath ekhebula, ama-filler epulasitiki, noma izingxenye ezincane zerabha ngaphandle kokudinga ukushintshwa okuphelele.
Kuhlale kungumqondo omuhle ukubeka eceleni isikhala esincane esikhwameni sakho samafeni asele, izintambo ezahlukahlukene, nezikulufu . Amafeni aphakathi kwezinto zokuqala ezihluleka ukusebenza kahle, futhi ukuba namafeni ambalwa angu-120mm no-80mm kungakusindisa ekulungisweni. Kuwukuhlakanipha futhi ukuba namakhebula e-SATA, amandla, i-HDMI, ne-DisplayPort, kanye ne-adaptha, ngoba izinkinga zokuxhumeka (noma ikhebula elingasebenzi kahle) zivame kakhulu kunalokho ongakucabanga.
Isitoreji sangaphandle, amakhophi agciniwe kanye nokutakula
Ingxenye ebalulekile yokuxilonga nokulungisa ukukwazi ukwenza ikhophi yedatha, ama-clone disk, kanye nama-test drive ngaphandle kokudinga ukuwafaka ngaphakathi. Yilapho izinhlobo eziningana zamadivayisi zisebenza khona, ezibalulekile kunoma yiliphi ithuluzi lochwepheshe omuhle.
I -converter ye-IDE/SATA kuya ku-USB iyithuluzi elingabizi futhi elinamandla: ikuvumela ukuthi uxhume ama-hard drive angu-2,5" no-3,5" (kokubili i-SATA yesimanje kanye ne-IDE endala) ngqo echwebeni le-USB kwenye ikhompyutha, ngisho nama-optical drive. Ngalokhu, ungakwazi ukwenza isipele, ukufometha, ukuskena imikhakha emibi, ukususa amagciwane, noma ukukhipha idatha kuma-drive ongafuni ukuwafaka ngaphakathi kwekhesi lekhompyutha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i -hard drive yangaphandle ephathekayo enomthamo omuhle izoba ukusindisa impilo ezimweni lapho i-hard drive yeklayenti ihluleka khona futhi udinga ukuthola idatha eningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba ife ngokuphelele. Iwusizo kakhulu futhi ekudluliseni izithombe zesistimu, abafaki abakhulu, noma ukusebenza ngama-backups phakathi kwamakhompyutha.
I -USB flash drive yakudala ihlala ingumngane wakho omkhulu lapho ulungisa ama-PC. Okungcono kakhulu, kufanele ube okungenani ne-USB 3.0 drive eyodwa noma ezimbili ezinejubane elihle kanye nomthamo owanele (16, 32, noma 64 GB) ukufaka izinhlelo ze-multiboot, abafaki be-Windows ne-Linux, amathuluzi okuxilonga, kanye nezinsiza. Ngezixazululo ezifana ne-Ventoy, ungafaka ama-ISO amaningi ku-flash drive efanayo bese ukhetha ukuthi iyiphi ozoqala kuyo usebenzisa imenyu.
Ungakhohlwa isifundi sekhadi le-SD kanye ne-microSD sokuxilonga nokulungisa amakhadi ememori kumafoni, amakhamera, nakwamanye amadivayisi. Uma udinga ukubuyisa izithombe ekhadini elonakele noma ukufometha kahle ikhadi lememori eliqinile, uzojabula ukuthi unelinye eliseduze.
Isofthiwe ebalulekile yokuxilonga nokulungisa
I-hardware arsenal enhle engenamathuluzi esofthiwe ifana ne-workshop engenakhompyutha: ukhubazekile. Ukuze uxilonge futhi ulungise izinhlelo zokusebenza, ubuyisele idatha, noma ususe i-malware, udinga isethi yezinhlelo ezithembekile nezihlelekile kahle kuma-USB drive akho kanye nama-hard drive angaphandle.
Amathuluzi okuxilonga we-Hardware
Phakathi kwama-suites aphelele kakhulu kukhona izindawo zokuqalisa njenge-Hiren's BootCD PE , ezifaka phakathi izinsiza eziningi zama-disk, imemori, ukubuyisa iphasiwedi, ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlukanisa, ukuhlolwa kwehadiwe, nokuningi. Zisebenza kusuka kudrayivu ye-USB noma ngabe uhlelo lweklayenti aluqali, okwenza kube imimese ye-Swiss Army ebalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuneziqondiso ezithile zamathuluzi okuhlaziya amafayela nokulungisa ahambisana nalezi zindawo.
Ukuze kutholakale ngokunembile izingxenye ngaphandle kokuvula i-PC (ikakhulukazi eziwusizo kuma-laptop), izinhlelo ezilula njenge -CPU-Z kanye ne-GPU-Z zikutshela ngokuningiliziwe imodeli yeprosesa, i-motherboard, i-RAM, kanye nekhadi lehluzo. Amathuluzi afana ne-AIDA64 noma i-Speccy anikeza ulwazi olujwayelekile lwesistimu futhi akuvumela ukuthi wenze izivivinyo zokucindezeleka ezilawulwayo.
Isimo se-hard drive noma i-SSD sibaluleke kakhulu, futhi yilapho isofthiwe efana ne -CrystalDiskInfo ingena khona , efunda idatha ye-SMART yedrayivu bese ikutshela ukuthi ngabe inemikhakha ephinde yahlukaniswa, amaphutha alindile kanye nokushisa, okukuvumela ukuthi ubikezele ukwehluleka ngaphambi kokuba idrayivu ife unomphela.
Ukuze uhlole kahle i-RAM, i-MemTest86+ iyireferensi: isebenza kusuka ku-USB ebhuthwayo ngaphambi kokulayisha uhlelo lokusebenza futhi iskena imemori, ithole amaphutha angabangela izikrini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuphahlazeka, kanye nokuziphatha okungajwayelekile.
Endabeni yekhadi lehluzo, amathuluzi afana ne -FurMark abeka i-GPU ekucindezelekeni okukhulu ukuze abone ukuthi igcina ukuzinza noma ikhiqiza izinto zobuciko, ukuphahlazeka, noma amazinga okushisa aphezulu ngemva kokulungiswa, ukushintshwa kwe-thermal paste, noma ukuhlanza okujulile.
Amathuluzi okulungisa, ukuhlanza nokwenza ngcono
Ezingeni lesofthiwe, cishe njalo kuzodingeka uhlanze izinhlelo ezigcwele udoti, i-malware, nezinhlelo ezingenamsebenzi . Njengokwengeza kwisofthiwe ye-antivirus, i-Malwarebytes Anti-Malware iyasebenza kakhulu ekutholeni i-adware, i-spyware, nezinye izinhlelo ezingafuneki ngezinye izikhathi ezingena ngenkani kusiphequluli noma ohlelweni lwakho.
Ukuze ususe amafayela esikhashana, izinsalela zokufaka, ama-cache, nokuphatha okusebenza lapho iWindows iqala, i-CCleaner ihlala iyithuluzi elisetshenziswa kakhulu uma isetshenziswa ngokuhlakanipha; ungasebenzisa futhi imiyalo ukuhlanza i-PC yakho uma udinga izixazululo ezisheshayo neziqondile.
Uma ukhipha izinhlelo eziyinkinga noma lezo ezishiya iminonjana yonke indawo, i-Revo Uninstaller ivumela ukukhishwa okujulile, isuse okufakiwe kokubhalisa kanye namafayela asele avame ukukhohlwa yi-uninstaller esemthethweni.
Ukuze uthole ama-cloning kanye nama-backup agcwele esistimu ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa okukhulu, amathuluzi afana ne -Macrium Reflect (uhlelo lwamahhala) noma i-Clonezilla akuvumela ukuthi udale izithombe zediski bese uzibuyisela kamuva. Awusizo kakhulu uma ushintsha i-hard drive yomshini nge-SSD futhi ungafuni ukufaka kabusha konke kusukela ekuqaleni.
Ukuphathwa kwezinhlelo, izibuyekezo, kanye nokufinyelela kude
Uma usebenza namakhompyutha amaningi futhi ungenalo uxhumano oluhle ngaso sonke isikhathi, kuwusizo kakhulu ukusebenzisa izixazululo ezifana ne -WSUS Offline ukuze ulande kusengaphambili izibuyekezo ze-Windows ne-Office bese uzifaka ngaphandle kokudinga i-inthanethi kukhompyutha yeklayenti.
Ezindaweni zobungcweti noma zebhizinisi, ukusetshenziswa kwesofthiwe yokuphatha nokuqapha inethiwekhi (njenge-Cisco Network Assistant noma i-SolarWinds) kuba yinto ebalulekile ukuqapha amaswishi, ama-router namaseva, ukuthola izithiyo kanye nokubikezela ukwehluleka kwengqalasizinda.
Ukuphathwa kwethimba elikude nakho kuyisici esibalulekile kulezi zinsuku: amathuluzi afana ne-AnyDesk, i-TeamViewer, ne-VNC akuvumela ukuthi uxazulule izinkinga eziningi ngaphandle kokuhamba. Kuchwepheshe ozimele, lokhu kusho ukonga isikhathi, ukunikeza izimpendulo ezisheshayo, nokwandisa ukufinyelela kwamakhasimende ngokwendawo.
Okokugcina, nakuba kungase kuzwakale njengehlaya, ukuhlala u-Google noma enye injini yokusesha kungenye ithuluzi ongazisebenzisa. Ukungasebenzi kahle okuningi okungavamile sekuvele kubonwe ngomunye umuntu futhi kubhalwe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, kumabhulogi, noma ezisekelweni zolwazi. Ukwazi ukusesha ngempumelelo kubaluleke kakhulu njengokwazi ukusebenzisa i-screwdriver.
Amaphutha avamile lapho kulungiswa ama-PC nokuthi ungawagwema kanjani
Ngisho nochwepheshe onolwazi oluningi angenza iphutha uma eba nokuzethemba ngokweqile. Ukwazi amaphutha avame kakhulu kuzokusiza ukuthi uwagweme futhi usebenze ngobuchwepheshe, unciphise izingozi kanye nesikhathi esichithwayo.
Elinye lamaphutha avamile ukungahloniphi ugesi ongashintshi : ukusebenza kumakhaphethi, ukugqoka izingubo zokwenziwa, ukungathinti i-chassis, noma ngaphandle kwebhande lesihlakala elingashintshi kwandisa amathuba okukhipha inhlansi engxenyeni ebucayi futhi kulimaze ngokungabonakali.
Elinye iphutha elivamile ukufaka izingxenye ngendlela engafanele . Amamojula e-RAM, izixhumi zamandla, amachweba e-PCIe, kanye nezintambo zephaneli yangaphambili ngokuvamile zinendlela eyodwa efanele. Ukuphoqa izingxenye "ngoba zibonakala zilingana" kuvame ukuholela kumaphini agobile, izixhumi eziphukile, noma amasekethe amafushane. Uma okuthile kungalingani kahle okokuqala, hlola incwadi yemiyalelo noma ubheke izinkomba.
I-thermal paste isetshenziswa ngezindlela ezimbi kakhulu: kusukela ekusebenziseni ungqimba olukhulu oluwela phansi emaceleni kuya ekushiyeni izindawo zingamboziwe. Indlela efanele ukufaka inani elilinganiselwe (cishe usayizi we-pea noma umugqa omncane, kuye ngendlela) bese uvumela ingcindezi ye-heatsink ukuthi isakaze kahle, ngaphandle kokungena kusokhethi noma endaweni ezungezile.
Ngokuvamile, ngenxa yokushesha noma ukuzethemba ngokweqile, kwenziwa iphutha lokungabheki incwadi ye-motherboard noma incwadi yekhompyutha. Abakhiqizi bavame ukukhombisa indawo efanele yamamojula e-RAM ukuze kusebenze isiteshi esikabili, incazelo yomsindo wokuxilonga noma ama-LED, kanye nohlelo lokuxhumanisa lwabalandeli nezingxenye zephaneli yangaphambili. Ukuvula i-PDF efonini noma kuthebhulethi yakho ngenkathi usebenza kungakusindisa enkingeni enkulu.
Ekugcineni, iphutha elivamile: ukuhlukanisa ingxenye yekhompyutha yakho ukuze uyihlanze noma uyishintshe ibe yinye bese ungakhumbuli ukuthi konke kuxhunywe kanjani . Yilapho umkhuba olula wenza khona umehluko omkhulu: ukuthatha izithombe ezicacile ngaphambi kokuzihlukanisa, noma ukubhala phansi indawo yezintambo nezikulufu encwadini yamanothi. Kubonakala kuyinto encane, kodwa konga isikhathi esiningi lapho uhlanganisa kabusha.
Inhlangano, imibhalo kanye nentuthuko yobungcweti
Ngaphandle kwamathuluzi athile, uchwepheshe omuhle uhlukaniswa ngendlela ahlela ngayo umsebenzi wakhe, agcina amarekhodi akhe, futhi aqhubeke nokufunda . Ukugcina incwadi yokubhalela noma uhlelo (olungokoqobo noma lwedijithali) ukuze uqophe amakhasimende, imisebenzi eqediwe, amaphasiwedi esikhashana, izinsuku zokulungisa, kanye nokubuka kobuchwepheshe kuzokusiza ukuthi unikeze isevisi yobungcweti kakhudlwana.
Uma usebenza eqenjini, kuyasiza kakhulu ukudala amabhukwana enqubo yangaphakathi : amadokhumenti lapho ilungu ngalinye lichaza khona isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuthi lingenza kanjani imisebenzi ethile (ukufometha okujwayelekile, ukufakwa komshayeli, ukucushwa kwesipele, njll.). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lawa manothi aba uhlobo "lwencwadi yeresiphi" elinganisa izinqubo futhi inciphise amaphutha.
Ukugcinwa nokulungiswa kwamakhompyutha kuyinkambu ehlala ishintsha, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlala usesikhathini ngezinguqulo ezintsha zesofthiwe, izibuyekezo ze-Windows, ubuchwepheshe obusha bokugcina, amazinga okuxhumana, namathuluzi amasha. Izifundo eziku-inthanethi, amabhulogi obuchwepheshe, iziteshi ze-YouTube ezikhethekile, kanye nemiphakathi yobungcweti kungabangane abaphelele bokuhlala usesikhathini.
Ekugcineni, okuzokwenza ube uchwepheshe ophelele ngempela akukhona nje ukuba nebhokisi lamathuluzi eligcwele, kodwa ukuhlanganisa amathuluzi amahle angokwenyama, isofthiwe efanele, imikhuba yokusebenza ephephile, imibhalo, kanye nokuzimisela ukufunda . Ngazo zonke lezi zinto ezilungiswe kahle, uzokwazi ukubhekana ngokuzethemba cishe nanoma yimuphi umsebenzi wokuxilonga noma wokulungisa ikhompyutha oza kuwe, kusukela ku-PC evamile enothuli evala yodwa kuya ezindaweni zokusebenza lapho ungenakukwazi ukulahlekelwa khona yi-byte eyodwa yedatha.
